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Gill, Z.

Publications and source records attributed to Gill, Z..

2 recordsLinked to original sources

PP2A METHYLESTERASE, PME-1, AND PP2A METHYLTRANSFERASE, LCMT-1, CONTROL SENSITIVITY TO IMPAIRMENTS CAUSED BY INJURY-RELATED OLIGOMERIC TAU

Oligomeric species of tau are a hallmark of multiple neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimers disease (AD) and chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE). Given the evidence implicating protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) in the molecular pathogenesis of tau-related neurodegenerative disorders, we sought to determine whether manipulating the expression of enzymes that regulate PP2A activity, such as leucine carboxyl methyltransferase 1 (LCMT-1) and protein methyl esterase 1 (PME-1), might impact pathological responses to oligomeric tau. Here, we tested the effect of transgenic overexpression of LCMT-1 or PME-1 on cognitive and electrophysiological impairments caused by exposure to either recombinant oligomeric human tau or oligomeric tau prepared from mice subjected to blast-induced traumatic brain injury. We found that overexpression of LCMT-1 reduced sensitivity to tau-induced impairments, while overexpression of PME-1 increased sensitivity to these impairments. Moreover, we found that shockwave exposure increased the propensity of endogenous tau to form toxic oligomers. These results suggest that manipulating LCMT-1 or PME-1 activity may represent novel therapeutic approaches for disorders involving exposure to pathogenic forms of oligomeric tau.

neuroscience↗

HIV-Attributed Causes of Death in the Medical Ward at the Chris Hani Baragwanath Hospital, South Africa

BackgroundThere are sparse data in Africa on the association between HIV infection and deaths from underlying medical conditions. Using records from the Chris Hani Baragwanath Hospital (CHBH) in Soweto, South Africa, we determined mortality from medical conditions associated with HIV.\n\nMethodsFrom January 2006 to December 2009 AB collected data on 15,725 deaths including age, sex, day of admittance and death, HIV status, ART initiation and CD4+ cell counts and reviewed the underlying cause of death using medical notes. Conditions known to be associated with HIV were cases; conditions not associated with HIV were controls. We calculate the HIV odds-ratios for cases relative to controls and HIV-attributable deaths as the fraction of those with each condition, the disease-attributable fraction (DA), and as the fraction of all deaths, the population-attributable fraction (PAF).\n\nInterpretationThe high prevalence of HIV among those that died in the medical wards at the CHBH, especially in those below the age of 50 years, demonstrates the impact of the HIV-epidemic on adult mortality and hospital services and the extent to which early antiretroviral treatment would have reduced the burden of both. Of the deaths included in the analysis the prevalence of HIV was 61% and the prevalence of AIDS related conditions was 69%. The HIV-attributable fraction was 36% in the whole sample and 60% in those that were HIV-positive. Cryptococcosis, Kaposis sarcoma and Pneumocystis jeroveci are highly predictive of HIV while TB, gastroenteritis and anaemia are very strongly associated with HIV. The greatest number of deaths attributable to HIV was among those dying of TB or of other respiratory conditions.\n\nFundingNo funding was received for this study.

epidemiology↗