Gautam, T. | Search bioRxiv

bioRxiv2026

A modular generalist-specialist AI framework for ROI selection across spatial profiling workflow

Selection of regions of interest (ROIs) is often a crucial step in spatial molecular profiling and many pathology tasks, with substantial implications for research reproducibility and biological interpretability. To provide a reproducible and adaptive framework for AI-guided ROI selection, we developed a modular generalist-specialist solution across spatial profiling platforms. In a cohort comprising 55 tumor types from 160 tissue donors profiled using NanoString Digital Spatial Profiling and multiplex immunofluorescence, we first established a protein-profiling reference atlas capturing compartment-specific immune, checkpoint, stromal, and proliferation patterns. We then developed an AI Specialist Task-Oriented Model for ROI Selection (ASTROS) and tested comprehensive benchmarks considering specialist-only (ASTROS), generalist-only (PLIP/GFM), and hybrid generalist-specialist strategies, showing that the latter provides a balanced tradeoff across slide-level signal preservation, pathologist-reference concordance, within-slide placement consistency, and large-slide computational efficiency. We further demonstrated the feasibility of virtual staining for ROI preview and modular ROI placement for other spatial omics technologies, Visium and Visium HD workflows. Together, these results support our proposed framework to enable ROI selection responding to unmet needs for reducing inter-rater variability, reproducibility, and versatility in spatial profiling experiments.

pathology↗

bioRxiv2018

Effect of light intensity and nutritional value of food resources on flight response of adult parasitoid, Cotesia plutellae (Kurdjumov) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)

Cotesia plutellae (Kurdjumov) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) is the major larval parasitoid of Plutella xylostella (L) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae), which is a serious pest of cruciferous plants throughout the world. We evaluated the influence of light intensities and feeding conditions on the vertical angle of flight in freshly emerged wasps in a cylinder having diameter 15cm and height 30cm. Light intensity was found to directly affects the flight activity. Increase in light intensity causes increase in vertical flight of the female wasps. However, Increase in light intensity did not influence the inclination of vertical flight in males. Feeding condition was also found to affect the vertical flight of the wasps. Honey odour, from below the flight chamber, arrested the flight of unfed or sucrose fed wasps. However, flight of honey fed wasps was not affected by honey odour. Male flight response was also influenced by feeding condition and light intensity but the response was not as higher as shown by females. The present study is useful for selecting suitable food prior to inundative release of parasitoid in the field at suitable time period of the day.

animal behavior and cognition↗