Biology subjects

Frese, S. A.

Publications and source records attributed to Frese, S. A..

4 recordsLinked to original sources

bioRxiv2024

Identification and comparison of N-glycome profiles from common dietary protein ingredients

The N-glycome profiles purified from dietary bovine whey, egg white, pea, soy protein isolates and a recently commercialized animal-free whey is described. Purified glycoproteins resulting from centrifugation and ethanol precipitation of protein powder supplements were treated with peptide-N- glycosidase F (PNGase F) to release protein-bound N-glycans. Once released from the protein, N-glycans were labeled by procainamide labeling, purified via cotton-hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC), and analyzed using HILIC high performance liquid chromatography equipped with a fluorescence detector and a quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (HILIC-FLD-QTOF-MS/MS). A total of 33, 33, 10, and 10 N-glycan structures were identified from bovine whey, egg, soy, and pea glycoprotein isolates, respectively. The type of N-glycans per glycoprotein source were highly predictable, likely attributed to differences in biosynthetic glycosylation pathways. Mammalian glycoprotein sources favored a combination of complex and hybrid glycan configurations while the plant proteins were dominated by oligomannosidic N-glycans. Bovine whey glycoprotein isolate contained the most diverse N-glycans by monosaccharide composition as well as structure, while plant sources such as pea and soy glycoprotein isolates contained an overlap of oligomannosidic N-glycans. The results suggest N-glycan structure and composition is dependent on the host organism rather than protein sequence homology, likely driven by the differences in N-glycan biosynthetic pathways.

biochemistry↗

bioRxiv2024

Proteomic and N-glycomic comparison of synthetic and bovine whey proteins and their effect on human gut microbiomes

Advances in food production systems and customer acceptance have led to the commercial launch of dietary proteins produced via modern biotechnological approaches as alternatives to traditional agricultural sources. At the same time, a deeper understanding of how dietary components interact with the gut microbiome has highlighted the importance of understanding the nuances underpinning diet-microbiome interactions. Novel food proteins with distinct post-translational modifications resulting from their respective production systems have not been characterized, nor how they may differ from their traditionally produced counterparts. To address this, we have characterized the protein composition and N-glycome of a yeast-synthesized whey protein ingredient isolated from commercially available ice cream and compared this novel ingredient to whey protein powder isolate derived from bovine milk. We found that despite strong similarities in protein composition, the N-glycome significantly differs between these protein sources, reflecting the biosynthetic machinery of the production systems. Further, the composition profile and diversity of proteins found in the synthetic whey protein were lower relative to bovine whey protein, despite both being predominantly composed of {beta}-lactoglobulin. Finally, to understand whether these differences in N-glycome profiles affected the human gut microbiome, we tested these proteins in an in vitro fecal fermentation model. We found that the two whey protein sources generated significant differences among three distinct microbial compositions, which we hypothesize is a product of differences in N-glycan composition and degradation by these representative microbial communities. This work highlights the need to understand how differences in novel biotechnological systems affect the bioactivity of these proteins, and how these differences impact the human gut microbiome.

microbiology↗

bioRxiv2024

Novel plant-derived bioactive compounds shape the human gut microbiome in vitro

Mounting evidence supports the potential of dietary bioactive compounds to reduce chronic disease risk. Recently, the biological activity of N-trans-caffeoyltyramine (NCT) and N-trans-feruloyltyramine (NFT) has been hypothesized to drive regulation of gut permeability,but the impact of these components on the human gut microbiome composition has not been studied. The aim of this work is to determine whether purified NCT and NFT, or a hemp hull product containing NCT and NFT (Brightseed(R) Bio Gut Fiber), can impact the gut microbiome using an in vitro fermentation assay. To address this question, we treated three fecal inocula, representative of the human gut microbiome, with Bio Gut Fiber and NCT/NFT and evaluated their respective impact against starch and methylcellulose as controls. We found strong changes exerted by Bio Gut Fiber and NCT/NFT on the gut microbiome relative to starch and methylcellulose, with distinct responses across all microbial communities. Among communities treated with Bio Gut Fiber, we saw increased community productivity and increased community diversity. Further, to determine whether changes found in gut microbiome profiles were dose-dependent, we tested different concentrations of NCT/NFT and found a dose-dependent impact on the resulting microbial compositions. Through this work, we provide novel insight into the potential of bioactive components to shape the gut microbiome, highlighting the potential for plant-derived bioactives to improve the human gut microbiome and host health.

microbiology↗

bioRxiv2020

Bifidobacteria-mediated immune system imprinting early in life

Immune-microbe interactions early in life influence an individuals risk of developing allergies, asthma and some autoimmune disorders. Breastfeeding helps guide the development of healthy immune-microbe relationships, in part by providing nutrients to specialized microbes that in turn benefit the host and its developing immune system. Such bacteria having co-evolved with humans are associated with reduced risks of immune mediated diseases but are increasingly rare in modern societies. Here we map an immunological sequence of events, triggered by microbial colonization that distinguish children with different gut bacterial composition. Lack of bifidobacterial species is associated with elevated markers of intestinal inflammation and immune dysregulation and in a randomized trial of breastfed infants, the infant-adapted Bifidobacterium infantis EVC001 silenced intestinal Th2 and Th17 immune responses, while inducing IFN{beta}, and its metabolites skew T-cell polarization in vitro, from Th2 towards Th1, suggesting a healthier immune imprinting during the first critical months of life. HIGHLIGHTSAn ordered sequence of immune changes after birth, driven by microbial interactions Low gut Bifidobacterium abundance is associated with markers of intestinal inflammation Feeding B. infantis EVC001 silenced intestinal Th2 and Th17 but upregulates IFN{beta} B. infantis EVC001 metabolites and/or enteric cytokines skew naive T-cell polarization towards Th1 and away from Th2

immunology↗