Ladostigil attenuates the oxidative and ER stress in human neuroblast-like SH-SY5Y cells
A hallmark of the aging brain is the robust inflammation mediated by microglial activation. Neuroinflammation resulting from the induction of oxidative stress in neurodegenerative diseases and following brain injury. Chronic treatment of aging rats by ladostigil, a compound with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory function, prevented microglial activation and learning deficits. In this study, we investigate the effect of ladostigil on neuronal-like SH-SY5Y cells. We show that SH-SY5Y cells exposed to acute (by H2O2) or chronic oxidative stress (by Sin1, 3-morpholinosydnonimine) induced apoptotic cell death. However, in the presence of ladostigil, the decline in cell viability and the oxidative levels were partially reversed. RNA-seq analysis showed that chronic oxidation by Sin1 resulted in coordinated suppression of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) quality control and ER stress response gene sets. Chronic oxidative stress impacted ER proteostasis and induced the expression of numerous lncRNAs. Pre-incubation with ladostigil before exposing SH-SY5Y cells to Sin1 induced Clk1 (Cdc2-like kinase 1) which was implicated in psychophysiological stress in mice and Alzheimer disease. Ladostigil also suppressed the expression of Ccpg1 (Cell cycle progression 1) and Synj1 (Synaptojanin 1) that function in ER-autophagy and endocytic pathways. We postulate that ladostigil alleviated cell damage by oxidation and ER stress. Therefore, it may attenuate neurotoxicity and cell death that accompany chronic stress conditions in the aging brain.