Biology subjects

Ehlers, L.

Publications and source records attributed to Ehlers, L..

3 recordsLinked to original sources

bioRxiv2024

Advancements in monitoring: a comparison of traditional and application-based tools for measuring outdoor recreation

Outdoor recreation has experienced a boom in recent years. While outdoor recreation provides wide-ranging benefits to human well-being and is an important feature of many protected and non-protected areas, there are growing concerns about the sustainability of recreation with the increased pressures placed on ecological systems and visitor experiences. These concerns emphasize the need for managers to access accurate and timely recreation data at scales that match the growing recreation footprint. Here, we compare spatial and temporal patterns of winter and summer recreation use using traditional and application-based tools across the Columbia and Canadian Rocky Mountains of western Canada. We demonstrate how recreation use can be estimated using traditional and application-based tools, although their accuracy and utility varies across space, season and activity type. Cameras and counters captured similar broad-scale patterns in count estimates of pedestrians and all recreation activities. Application-based data provided detailed spatiotemporal information on recreation use, but datasets were biased towards specific recreation types and did not represent the full recreation population. For instance, Strava Metro data was more suited for capturing broad-scale spatial patterns in biking than pedestrian recreation. Traditional tools including aerial surveys and participatory mapping captured coarser information on the intensity and extent of recreation, with the former tool capturing areas with low recreation intensity and the latter tool suited for capturing recreation information across large spatial and temporal scales. Application-based data should be supplemented with data from traditional tools including cameras or trail counters to identify biases in data and fill in data gaps. We provide a comparison of each tool for measuring recreation use, highlight each tools strengths and limitations, and suggest how to use these tools to address real-world monitoring and management scenarios. Our research contributes towards a better understanding of what tools are available to measure recreation and can help direct managers in selecting which tool, or combinations of tools, to use that can expand the rigor and scope of recreation research. This information can support decision-making and lead to the protection of ecological systems while allowing for high-quality recreation experiences. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=159 HEIGHT=200 SRC="FIGDIR/small/579662v1_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1"> View larger version (76K): org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@95b5a7org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@c926d7org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@151296org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1773d13_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP M_FIG C_FIG

ecology↗

bioRxiv2023

Aberrant N-glycosylation in pathogenic variants of adenosine deaminase 2 underlying human ADA2 deficiency

Human deficiency of adenosine deaminase 2 (DADA2) is an autoinflammatory disease caused by pathogenic variants in ADA2 that lead to impaired deaminase activity. Recently, a lysosomal function of ADA2 has been proposed but an intracellular form of the protein has not yet been characterized. Here, we analyze protein expression of mutant ADA2 in human monocyte-derived macrophages from 10 DADA2 patients. We identify an intracellular low-molecular-weight (LMW) form of ADA2 that undergoes glycan trimming by -mannosidases and is absent in DADA2 macrophages. Subcellular fractionation and immunofluorescence microscopy demonstrate that LMW-ADA2 is localized in the lysosomes. By overexpression of 34 ADA2 variants in HEK293T and U-937 cells, we show that absence of LMW-ADA2 strongly correlates with reduced deaminase activity and predicts variant pathogenicity. In conclusion, we describe a previously unreported intracellular hypoglycosylated form of ADA2 and establish the absence of this LMW-ADA2 as a cellular characteristic of DADA2. Thereby, we introduce a protein correlate of the recently described lysosomal form of ADA2. SummaryEhlers et al. demonstrate that mutant ADA2 fails to undergo glycan processing beyond the ER leading to the absence of intracellular low-molecular-weight (LMW) ADA2 in DADA2 patients macrophages. LMW-ADA2 localizes to the lysosomes and can be generated from extracellular wild-type ADA2.

immunology↗

bioRxiv2022

In silico Investigation of Molecular Networks Linking Gastrointestinal Diseases, Malnutrition, and Sarcopenia

Malnutrition is a common primary or secondary complication in gastrointestinal diseases. The patients nutritional status also influences muscle mass and function, which can be impaired up to the degree of sarcopenia. The molecular interactions in diseases leading to sarcopenia are complex and multifaceted, affecting muscle physiology, the intestine (nutrition), and the liver at different levels. Although extensive knowledge of individual molecular factors is available, their regulatory interplay is not yet fully understood. A comprehensive overall picture of pathological mechanisms and resulting phenotypes is lacking. In silico approaches that convert existing knowledge into computationally readable formats can help to unravel such complex systems. We compiled available experimental evidence for molecular interactions involved in the development of sarcopenia into a knowledge base, referred to as the Sarcopenia Map. By including specific diseases, namely liver cirrhosis, and intestinal dysfunction, and considering their effects on nutritional status and blood secretome, we investigated their contribution to the development of sarcopenia. The Sarcopenia Map is publicly available as an open-source, interactive online resource, providing tools that allow users to explore the information on the map and perform in silico perturbation experiments.

systems biology↗