Biology subjects

Dwikarina, A.

Publications and source records attributed to Dwikarina, A..

3 recordsLinked to original sources

bioRxiv2025

Exploration of American Elderberry Bioactive Compounds for Inhibition of the Influenza Virus Polymerase Acidic Endonuclease

Elderberries have been commonly used to relieve symptoms of influenza and the common cold. In this study, the antiviral activity of juices of American elderberry (Sambucus nigra subsp. canadensis) cultivars were evaluated against the recombinant N-terminal domain of Influenza A Polymerase Acidic protein using a Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET)-based endonuclease assay. The American elderberry cultivar Ozark showed the strongest inhibitory activity among 21 cultivars, followed by the wild accession 1196. The juice from four American elderberry cultivars Ozark, accession 1892, 1196, and 2084 demonstrated stronger inhibitory effect against nPA protein (>65% inhibition) compared to the European elderberry cultivar Haschberg, which showed 62% inhibition, suggesting a higher abundance of bioactive compounds in these cultivars, capable of interfering with Influenza PA activity. Among the elderberry compounds tested, gallic acid (IC50 11.56 {+/-} 1.80 {micro}M), myricetin (IC50 16.02 {+/-} 0.06 {micro}M), caffeic acid (IC50 22.75 {+/-} 0.9 {micro}M), and luteolin (IC50 27.92 {+/-} 0.72 {micro}M), showed the strongest inhibition of nPA endonuclease activity. These findings support the application of American elderberry in nutraceutical product formulations designed to help manage flu symptoms. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study elucidating the anti-influenza mode of action of American elderberry against influenza molecular targets.

biochemistry↗

bioRxiv2025

Quantification of bioactive compounds in the juices of 21 American elderberry cultivars

American elderberry (Sambucus nigra subsp. canadensis) is recognized as a rich source of bioactive compounds with nutritional and therapeutic potential. However, comprehensive quantification of its metabolites remains analytically challenging due to the structural complexity of phenolics and matrix interferences in juice extracts. In this study, a targeted ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) workflow was developed and validated to quantify 22 bioactive metabolites, including anthocyanins, flavonoids, and phenolic acids, in juices from 21 American elderberry cultivars. An optimized UHPLC- MS/MS system demonstrated higher sensitivity, selectivity, and throughput than conventional high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS), achieving limits of detection and quantification below 0.1 ng/mL for most analytes. Matrix effects were effectively mitigated through sample dilution, enabling accurate and reproducible quantification across complex juice matrices. Quantification of metabolites showed that accession 1199 exhibited high levels of cyanidin-based anthocyanins, suggesting its utility as a natural food color source. Overall, high-throughput UHPLC-MS/MS method provides a robust analytical framework for metabolomic profiling for cultivar selection and the development of elderberry-derived functional products.

biochemistry↗

bioRxiv2024

Exploring American Elderberry Compounds for Antioxidant, Antiviral, and Antibacterial Properties Through High-Throughput Screening Assays Combined with Untargeted Metabolomics

American elderberry (Sambucus nigra subsp. canadensis) is a rapidly emerging new perennial crop for Missouri, recognized for its high level of bioactive compounds with significant health benefits, including antibacterial, antiviral, and antioxidant properties. A high-throughput screening assay combined with untargeted metabolomics analysis was utilized on American elderberry juice from 21 genotypes to explore and characterize these bioactive compounds. Our metabolomics study has identified 32 putative bioactive compounds in the American Elderberry juices. An array of high-throughput screening bioassays was conducted to evaluate 1) total antioxidant capacity, 2) activation of antioxidant response elements (ARE), 3) antiviral activity, and 4) antibacterial activity of the putatively identified compounds. Our results revealed that 14 of the 32 American elderberry compounds exhibited strong antioxidant activity. Four compounds (isorhamnetin 3-O-glucoside, kaempferol, quercetin, and naringenin) activated ARE activity and were found to be non-cytotoxic to cells. Notably, six of the 32 compounds demonstrated significant antiviral activity in an in vitro TZM-bl assay against two strains of HIV-1 virus, CXCR4-dependent NL4-3 virus and CCR5-dependent BaL virus. Luteolin showed the most potent anti-HIV activity against the NL4-3 virus (IC50 = 1.49 {micro}M), followed by isorhamnetin (IC50 = 1.67 {micro}M). The most potent anti-HIV compound against the BaL virus was myricetin (IC50 = 1.14 {micro}M), followed by luteolin (IC50 = 4.38 {micro}M). Additionally, six compounds were found to have antibacterial activity against gram-positive bacteria S. aureus, with cyanidin 3-O-rutinoside having the most potent antibacterial activity in vitro (IC50 = 2.9 {micro}M), followed by cyanidin 3-O-glucoside (IC50 = 3.7 {micro}M). These findings support and validate the potential health benefits of compounds found in American elderberry juices and highlight their potential for use in dietary supplements as well as innovative applications in health and medicine.

biochemistry↗