Biology subjects

Dechmann, D.

Publications and source records attributed to Dechmann, D..

3 recordsLinked to original sources

bioRxiv2024

Consistent long-distance foraging flights across years and seasons at colony level in a Neotropical bat

All foraging animals face a trade-off: how much time should they invest in exploitation of known resources versus exploration to discover new resources? For group-living central place foragers, balancing these competing goals poses particular challenges. The availability of social information may discourage individuals from investing in risky, expensive but possibly rewarding exploration. We GPS-tracked groups of greater spear-nosed bats (Phyllostomus hastatus) from three colonies on Isla Colon in Panama. In the dry season, when these omnivores forage on the nectar of ephemeral balsa flowers (Ochroma pyramidale), bats consistently travelled long distances to remote, colony-specific foraging areas, bypassing flowering trees closer to their roosts. They continued to use these same areas in the wet season, when feeding on a diverse, presumably ubiquitously distributed diet, but also visited other, similarly distant foraging areas. Foraging areas were shared within, but not always between colonies. Our longitudinal dataset suggests that bats from each colony invest in long-distance commutes to socially learned shared foraging areas, bypassing other available food patches. Rather than investing in exploration to find nearby resources or engaging in a win-stay lost-shift foraging strategy, these bats follow colony specific behaviours consistent with the existence of culturally transmitted preferences for specific feeding grounds.

animal behavior and cognition↗

bioRxiv2022

Co-option of the transcription factor SALL1 in mole ovotestis formation

Changes in gene expression represent an important source for phenotypical innovation. Yet, how such changes emerge and impact the evolution of traits remains elusive. Here, we explore the molecular mechanisms associated with the development of masculinizing ovotestes in female moles. By performing comparative analyses of epigenetic and transcriptional data in mole and mouse, we identified SALL1 as a co-opted gene for the formation of testicular tissue in mole ovotestes. Chromosome conformation capture analyses highlight a striking conservation of the 3D organization at the SALL1 locus, but a prominent evolutionary turnover of enhancer elements. Interspecies reporter assays support the capability of mole-specific enhancers to activate transcription in urogenital tissues. Through overexpression experiments in transgenic mice, we further demonstrate the capability of SALL1 to induce the ectopic gene expression programs that are a signature of mole ovotestes. Our results highlight the co-option of gene expression, through changes in enhancer activity, as a prominent mechanism for the evolution of traits.

evolutionary biology↗

bioRxiv2019

Six new reference-quality bat genomes illuminate the molecular basis and evolution of bat adaptations

Bats account for ~20% of all extant mammal species and are considered exceptional given their extraordinary adaptations, including biosonar, true flight, extreme longevity, and unparalleled immune systems. To understand these adaptations, we generated reference-quality genomes of six species representing the key divergent lineages. We assembled these genomes with a novel pipeline incorporating state-of-the-art long-read and long-range sequencing and assembly techniques. The genomes were annotated using a maximal evidence approach, de novo predictions, protein/mRNA alignments, Iso-seq long read and RNA-seq short read transcripts, and gene projections from our new TOGA pipeline, retrieving virtually all (>99%) mammalian BUSCO genes. Phylogenetic analyses of 12,931 protein coding-genes and 10,857 conserved non-coding elements identified across 48 mammalian genomes helped to resolve bats closest extant relatives within Laurasiatheria, supporting a basal position for bats within Scrotifera. Genome-wide screens along the bat ancestral branch revealed (a) selection on hearing-involved genes (e.g LRP2, SERPINB6, TJP2), which suggest that laryngeal echolocation is a shared ancestral trait of bats; (b) selection (e.g INAVA, CXCL13, NPSR1) and loss of immunity related proteins (e.g. LRRC70, IL36G), including pro-inflammatory NF-kB signalling; and (c) expansion of the APOBEC family, associated with restricting viral infection, transposon activity and interferon signalling. We also identified unique integrated viruses, indicating that bats have a history of tolerating viral pathogens, lethal to other mammal species. Non-coding RNA analyses identified variant and novel microRNAs, revealing regulatory relationships that may contribute to phenotypic diversity in bats. Together, our reference-quality genomes, high-quality annotations, genome-wide screens and in-vitro tests revealed previously unknown genomic adaptations in bats that may explain their extraordinary traits.

genomics↗