De Saint Jan, D. | Search bioRxiv

bioRxiv2018

A pool of postnatally-generated interneurons persists in an immature stage in the olfactory bulb

Calretinin (CR)-expressing periglomerular (PG) cells are the most abundant interneurons in the glomerular layer of the olfactory bulb. They are predominately generated postnatally from the septal and dorsal sub-ventricular zones that continue producing them well into adulthood. Yet, little is known about their properties and functions. Using transgenic approaches and patch-clamp recording we show that CR(+) PG cells of both septal and dorsal origin have homogenous morphological and electrophysiological properties. They express a surprisingly poor repertoire of voltage-activated channels and fire, at most, one action potential. They also receive little synaptic inputs and NMDA receptors predominate at excitatory synapses. These properties, that resemble those of immature neurons, persist over time and limit the contribution of CR(+) PG cells in network activity. Thus, postnatally-generated CR(+) PG cells continuously supply a pool of latent neurons that unlikely participate in olfactory bulb computation but may provide a so far unsuspected reservoir of plasticity.

neuroscience↗

bioRxiv2017

Basal forebrain control of olfactory bulb interneurons

Olfactory bulb circuits are dominated by multiple inhibitory pathways that finely tune the activity of mitral and tufted cells, the principal neurons, and regulate odor discrimination. Granule cells mediate interglomerular lateral inhibition between mitral and tufted cells lateral dendrites whereas diverse subtypes of periglomerular (PG) cells mediate intraglomerular lateral inhibition between their apical dendrites. Deep short axon cells form broad intrabulbar inhibitory circuits that regulate both populations of interneurons. Little is known about the extrabulbar GABAergic circuits that control the activity of these various interneurons. We examined this question using patch-clamp recordings and optogenetics in olfactory bulb slices from transgenic mice. We show that axonal projections emanating from diverse basal forebrain GABAergic neurons densely project in all layers of the olfactory bulb. These long-range GABAergic projections provide a prominent synaptic input on granule and short axon cells in deep layers as well as on selective subtypes of PG cells. Specifically, three different subclasses of type 2 PG cells receive robust and target-specific basal forebrain inputs but have little local interactions with other PG cells. In contrast, type 1 PG cells are not innervated by basal forebrain fibers but do interact with other PG cells. Thus, attention-regulated basal forebrain inputs regulate inhibition in all layers of the olfactory bulb with a previously overlooked synaptic complexity that further defines interneuron subclasses. Key points summaryO_LIBasal forebrain long-range projections to the olfactory bulb are important for olfactory sensitivity and odor discrimination. C_LIO_LIUsing optogenetics, we confirm that basal forebrain afferents mediate IPSCs on granule and deep short axon cells. We also show that they selectively innervate specific subtypes of periglomerular (PG) cells. C_LIO_LIThree different subtypes of type 2 PG cells receive GABAergic IPSCs from the basal forebrain but not from other PG cells. C_LIO_LIType 1 PG cells, in contrast, do not receive inputs from the basal forebrain but do receive inhibition from other PG cells. C_LIO_LIThese results bring new light on the complexity and specificity of glomerular inhibitory circuits, as well as on their modulation by the basal forebrain. C_LI

neuroscience↗