Biology subjects

Dawid, C.

Publications and source records attributed to Dawid, C..

16 recordsLinked to original sources

bioRxiv2026

Diversification of ligand preference in conserved Brassicaceae LORE immune receptors matches proteobacterial 3-hydroxy fatty acid profiles

Pattern recognition receptors are often conserved across plant lineages, yet how ligand sensing diversifies during evolution remains poorly understood. The receptor kinase LORE mediates Arabidopsis thaliana immune responses to bacterial medium-chain 3-hydroxy fatty acids (mc-3-OH-FAs), but its distribution and functional variation across Brassicaceae remain largely unexplored. We combined phylogenetic analysis, species-wide immune profiling, ligand-binding assays, heterologous functional testing, and A. thaliana lore-1 complementation to define LORE diversification across Brassicaceae. LORE orthologs with conserved 3-OH-C10:0 binding are present in all major Brassicaceae lineages, including the basal lineage. Functional complementation confirmed mc-3-OH-FA-sensing capacity in orthologs spanning all four lineages. By contrast, chain-length preference profiles among mc-3-OH-FAs varied between species and orthologs, ranging from narrow 3-OH-C10:0-dominated profiles to broader profiles with comparable sensitivity to 3-OH-C10:0 and 3-OH-C12:0. 3-OH-FA profiling of a diverse collection of plant-associated bacteria revealed that high levels of mc-3-OH-FAs are prevalent in Proteobacteria, and that the range of mc-3-OH-FA chain lengths produced corresponds to the chain-length preferences of Brassicaceae LORE receptors. Our results establish LORE as a Brassicaceae-restricted pattern recognition receptor with conserved mc-3-OH-FA sensing but diversified chain-length preferences, and provide an evolutionary framework for studying how ligand preference can diversify within a biologically relevant ligand spectrum while core receptor function is maintained.

plant biology↗

bioRxiv2026

Brassinosteroid-regulated transcription factors confer epigenetic changes that repress plant immunity

When organisms encounter pathogens, they rapidly activate complex defense programs to ensure survival. While these immune responses are vital, they often also incur trade-offs, such as reduced growth and development and must therefore be tightly controlled 1,2. In this study, we reveal that the steroid hormones brassinosteroids (BRs) contribute to this control in Arabidopsis thaliana by repressing immunity-related genes. We provide evidence that the BR-regulated basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor CESTA (CES), along with its homologs BR ENHANCED EXPRESSION (BEE)1-3, mediate DNA methylation changes at transposable element (TE)-rich loci containing nucleotide-binding leucine-rich-repeat (NLR)-type receptor genes, including SUPPRESSOR OF NPR1-1 CONSTITUTIVE 1 (SNC1). These CES-induced methylation changes correlate with altered splicing of SNC1 pre-mRNA, a process that requires the BR receptor BRASSINOSTEROID INSENSITIVE 1 (BRI1). In support, we show that CES associates with components of the chromatin remodeling and splicing machinery. Together, our findings reveal a previously unrecognized BR-induced mechanism that modulates the epigenetic and post transcriptional regulation of immune genes, enabling plants to prioritize growth over defense. Significance statementSteroid hormones are powerful regulators of growth but also act as potent suppressors of immunity, with well-established clinical applications, for example in treating autoimmune diseases in humans. In plants, the steroid hormones brassinosteroids (BRs) exert similar effects. Here, we uncover that BR-mediated immune suppression involves DNA methylation changes and alternative splicing of a subset of immune receptor genes, that govern resistance responses mediated by the plant hormone salicylic acid. We provide evidence for a function of specific bHLH transcription factors in this process that link BR signaling to chromatin remodelling and RNA processing. Thereby our study reveals a novel mode of steroid hormone activity in immune repression, which involves epigenetic and posttranscriptional adjustment of immune receptor function.

plant biology↗

bioRxiv2025

Transcriptome and hormone regulations shape drought stress-dependent Fusarium Head Blight susceptibility in different barley genotypes

Little is known about regulatory mechanisms that crop plants use to respond to combinations of abiotic and biotic stress. We analysed four barley genotypes under simultaneous Fusarium culmorum infection and drought stress by phenotyping of Fusarium Head Blight (FHB) disease, hormone profiling, and transcriptome analysis. FHB severity was host genotype-dependent, with moderately resistant cultivars Avalon and Barke showing increased FHB under drought, while drought did not further increase FHB severity in highly susceptible Morex and Palmella Blue. Transcriptome analysis revealed largely additive effects of single stresses, with drought-dominated regulation with increasing drought severity at later stages. Co-expression analysis connected abscisic acid and auxin to gene expression modules functionally enriched with stress-specific physiological responses. Stress-response genes, uniformly expressed across genotypes, were linked to pathogen defence, detoxification, and drought adaptation, whereas a cluster of hundreds of moderately Fusarium-responsive genes was limited in up-regulation under combined stress, possibly explaining enhanced FHB severity under drought. A multiple linear regression model accurately predicted combined stress expression from single stress responses, demonstrating modularity of barleys stress regulation under combined drought and Fusarium stress. Graphical AbstractSimplified working model illustrating drought effects on abscisic acid (ABA) levels and susceptibility to Fusarium Head Blight (FHB) of barley, and key processes such as storage and desiccation responses, photosynthesis, cell wall formation, metabolism, and transferase activity. O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=117 SRC="FIGDIR/small/689882v1_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1"> View larger version (30K): org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@15504adorg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@a62498org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1acb1f5org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@d78a3b_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP M_FIG C_FIG

plant biology↗

bioRxiv2025

Multi-omics of barley Fusarium Head Blight converge on pathogen-triggered biosynthesis of aromatic amino acid derived chemical defense compounds

Fusarium Head Blight (FHB) is a devastating fungal disease of small grain cereals like wheat and barley, causing substantial yield and quality losses each year worldwide. FHB is caused by Fusarium species that produce mycotoxins such as deoxynivalenol (DON) that impairs protein biosynthesis. Although defense responses in barley to Fusarium infection have been described at the transcriptional level, it remains unclear to what extent these responses are translated into functional changes at the protein and metabolite levels. In this study, we employed comprehensive transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics to dissect the defense responses of barley heads during infection with Fusarium culmorum. Our integrated analyses revealed a set of significantly regulated gene-protein pairs linked to biosynthetic pathways that consistently correspond to upregulated defense-related metabolites. These include tryptophan-derived stress metabolites such as tryptamine and serotonin, as well as barley-specific hydroxycinnamylamides, including conjugates from the trypthophan metabolism, hordatines, and their biosynthetic precursors. Integrating data across multiple omics layers identifies the upregulation of aromatic amino acid derived secondary metabolism as the most consistent barley response to FHB infection across diverse barley varieties that share barley-typical type II resistance to fungal spreading in the head rachis.

plant biology↗

bioRxiv2023

Untargeted metabolomics reveals PTI-associated metabolites in cultivated tomato

Plants employ a multi-layered innate immune system to detect and fend off invading fungal pathogens. In one such layer, recognition of Pathogen- or Microbe-Associated Molecular Patterns or elicitors, triggers a signaling cascade that leads to defence against the pathogen and ultimately Pattern-Triggered Immunity (PTI). Secondary Metabolites (SMs) are expected to play an important role in this kind of resistance, because they are potentially mycotoxic compounds. Tomato plants inoculated with Alternaria solani show clear symptoms of infection 5 days after inoculation. Whereas plants inoculated with Alternaria alternata remain symptomless. We hypothesized that pattern-triggered induction of resistance-related metabolites in Solanum lycopersicum contribute to the resistance against A. alternata, yet such SMs are suppressed in a compatible interaction. We compared the metabolomic profile (metabolome) of S. lycopersicum at two time points (3 and 24 hours) after treatments with A. alternata, A. solani and the fungal elicitor chitin and identified SMs that are involved in the early defence response of tomato plants. Our study revealed differential metabolome fingerprints and shows that the molecular composition of A. alternata and chitin-induced indeed show larger overlap with each other than with the A. solani-induced metabolome. We identify 65 candidate metabolites possibly associated with pattern-triggered resistance in tomato plants, including the alkaloid, trigonelline, for which we can confirm that it inhibits fungal growth in vitro when supplied at physiological concentrations. Our findings show that a true, pattern-triggered, chemical defence is mounted against A. alternata and that it contains mycotoxin compounds previously unidentified in tomato, that could be interesting for future crop protection strategies.

plant biology↗

bioRxiv2023

Production of 130 diterpenoids by combinatorial biosynthesis in yeast

Diterpenoids form a diverse group of natural products, many of which are or could become pharmaceuticals or industrial chemicals. However, low concentration, presence in complex mixtures and challenging synthesis often limit their exploitation. The modular character of diterpene biosynthesis and the substrate flexibility of the enzymes involved make combinatorial biosynthesis a promising approach. Here, we report on the assembly in yeast of 130 diterpenoids by pairwise combinations of ten diterpene synthases producing (+)-copalyl diphosphate-derived backbones and four cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYPs); 80 of these diterpenoids have not yet been reported. The CYPs accepted the majority of substrates they were given but remained regioselective. Our results bode well for the systematic exploration of diterpenoid chemical space using combinatorial assembly in yeast.

synthetic biology↗

bioRxiv2023

Alleviating the barrier of adventitious roots formation in recalcitrant mature tissue by slow release of a synthetic auxin

Clonal propagation of plants by induction of adventitious roots (ARs) from stem cuttings is a requisite step in breeding programs. A major barrier exists for propagating valuable plants that naturally have low capacity to form ARs. Due to the central role of auxin in organogenesis, indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) is often used as part of commercial rooting mixtures, yet many recalcitrant plants do not form ARs in response to this treatment. Here, we describe the synthesis and screening of a focused library of synthetic auxin conjugates in Eucalyptus grandis cuttings and identify 4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid-L-tryptophan-OMe as a competent enhancer of adventitious rooting in a number of recalcitrant woody plants, including apple and argan. Comprehensive metabolic and functional analyses reveal that this activity is engendered by prolonged auxin signaling due to initial fast uptake and slow release and clearance of the free auxin 4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid. This work highlights the utility of a slow-release strategy for bioactive compounds for more effective plant growth regulation.

plant biology↗

bioRxiv2023

Barley shows reduced Fusarium Head Blight under drought and modular expression of differential expressed genes under combined stress

Plants often face simultaneous abiotic and biotic stress conditions. However, physiological and transcriptional responses of plants under combined stress situations are little understood. Spring barley is susceptible to Fusarium Head Blight (FHB), which is strongly affected by weather conditions. We therefore studied the potential influence of drought on FHB severity and responses in three differently susceptible spring barley varieties and found strongly reduced FHB severity in susceptible varieties under drought. Quantity of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and strength of transcriptomic regulation reflected the concentration of physiological stress markers such as abscisic acid or fungal DNA contents. Infection-related gene expression associated rather with susceptibility than resistance. Weighted gene correlation network analysis uncovered 18 modules of co-expressed genes, which reflect the pathogen or drought response in the used varieties. A generally infection-related module contained co-expressed genes for defence, programmed cell death and mycotoxin-detoxification indicating that diverse genotypes use a similar defence strategy towards FHB albeit with different success. Further DEGs showed co-expression in drought or genotype-associated modules correlating with measured phytohormones or the osmolyte proline. The combination of drought stress with infection lead to highest numbers of DEGs and provoked a modular composition of single stress responses rather than a specific transcriptional readout. HighlightCo-expression network analysis reveals association of physiological stress markers and gene expression modules under biotic and abiotic stress

plant biology↗

bioRxiv2022

Common dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) leaf extract efficiently inhibits SARS-CoV-2 Omicron infection in vitro

As the COVID-19 pandemic continues to pose a health risk concern to humans, despite a significant increase in vaccination rates, an effective prevention and treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection is being sought worldwide. Herbal medicines have been used for years and played a tremendous role in several epidemics of respiratory viral infections. Thus, they are considered as a promising platform to combat SARS-CoV-2. Previously, we reported that common dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) leaf extract and its high molecular weight compounds strongly suppressed in vitro lung cell infection by SARS-CoV-2 Spike D614 and Delta variant pseudotyped lentivirus. We now here demonstrate that T. officinale extract protects against the most prominent Omicron variant using hACE2-TMPRSS2 overexpressing A549 cells as in vitro model system. Notably, compared to the original D614, and the Delta variant, we could confirm a higher efficacy. Short-term interval treatment of only 30 min was then sufficient to block the infection by 80% at 10 mg/mL extract. Further subfractionation of the extract identified compounds larger than 50 kDa as effective ACE2-Spike binding inhibitors. In summary, the evolution of SARS-CoV-2 virus to the highly transmissible Omicron variant did not lead to resistance, but rather increased sensitivity to the preventive effect of the extract.

microbiology↗

bioRxiv2021

PHOSPHATE STARVATION RESPONSE enables arbuscular mycorrhiza symbiosis

Arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) is a widespread symbiosis between roots of the majority of land plants and Glomeromycotina fungi. AM is important for ecosystem health and functioning as the fungi critically support plant performance by providing essential mineral nutrients, particularly the poorly accessible phosphate, in exchange for organic carbon. AM fungi colonize the inside of roots and this is promoted at low but inhibited at high plant phosphate status, while the mechanistic basis for this phosphate-dependence remained obscure. Here we demonstrate that a major transcriptional regulator of phosphate starvation responses in rice PHOSPHATE STARVATION RESPONSE 2 (PHR2) regulates AM. Root colonization of phr2 mutants is drastically reduced, and PHR2 is required for root colonization, mycorrhizal phosphate uptake, and yield increase in field soil. PHR2 promotes AM by targeting genes required for pre-contact signaling, root colonization, and AM function. Thus, this important symbiosis is directly wired to the PHR2-controlled plant phosphate starvation response.

plant biology↗

bioRxiv2021

A distributed dopamine-gated circuit underpins reproductive state-dependent behavior in Drosophila females

Motherhood induces a drastic, sometimes long-lasting, change in internal state and behavior in most female animals. How a change in reproductive state or the discrete event of mating modulates specific female behaviors is still incompletely understood. Using calcium imaging of the whole brain of Drosophila females, we find that mating does not induce a global change in brain activity. Instead, mating modulates the pheromone response of dopaminergic neurons innervating the flys learning and memory center, the mushroom body (MB). Using the mating-induced increased attraction to the odor of important nutrients, polyamines, we show that disruption of the female flys ability to smell, for instance the pheromone cVA, during mating leads to a reduction in polyamine preference for days later indicating that the odor environment at mating lastingly influences female perception and choice behavior. Moreover, dopaminergic neurons including innervation of the {beta}1 compartment are sufficient to replace mating experience in virgin females inducing the lasting behavioral increase in polyamine preference. We further show that MB output neurons (MBON) of the {beta}1 compartment are activated by pheromone odor and their activity during mating bidirectionally modulates preference behavior in mated and virgin females. Their activity is not required, however, for the expression of polyamine attraction. Instead, inhibition of another type of MBON innervating the {beta}2 compartment enables expression of high polyamine attraction. In addition, the response of a lateral horn (LH) neuron, AD1b2, which output is required for the expression of polyamine attraction, shows a modulated polyamine response after mating. Taken together, our data in the fly suggests that mating-related sensory experience regulates female odor perception and expression of choice behavior through a dopamine-gated learning circuit.

neuroscience↗

bioRxiv2021

Intraspecific diversity observed in the wild tomato species Solanum chilense in initial immune responses towards a glucan elicitor.

Natural plant populations are polymorphic and show intraspecific variation in resistance properties against pathogens. The activation of the underlying defence responses can depend on variation in perception of pathogen-associated molecular patterns or elicitors. To dissect such variation, we evaluated the responses induced by laminarin, (a glucan, representing an elicitor from oomycetes) in the wild tomato species Solanum chilense and correlated this to observed infection frequencies of Phytophthora infestans. We measured reactive oxygen species burst and levels of diverse phytohormones upon elicitation in 83 plants originating from nine populations. We found high diversity in basal and elicitor-induced levels of each component. Further we generated linear models to explain the observed infection frequency of P. infestans. The effect of individual components differed dependent on the geographical origin of the plants. We found that the resistance in the southern coastal region, but not in the other regions is directly correlated to ethylene responses and confirmed this positive correlation using ethylene inhibition assays. Our findings reveal high diversity in the strength of defence responses within a species and the involvement of different components with a quantitatively different contribution of individual components to resistance in geographically separated populations of a wild plant species. HighlightLarge-scale screenings reveal geographically distinct intraspecific differences in the dominant physiological pathogen defence responses upon glucan elicitor treatment in a wild tomato species.

plant biology↗

bioRxiv2021

Common dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) efficiently blocks the interaction between ACE2 cell surface receptor and SARS-CoV-2 spike protein D614, mutants D614G, N501Y, K417N and E484K in vitro

On 11th March 2020, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, was declared as a global pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO). To date, there are rapidly spreading new "variants of concern" of SARS-CoV-2, the United Kingdom (B.1.1.7), the South African (B.1.351) or Brasilian (P.1) variant. All of them contain multiple mutations in the ACE2 receptor recognition site of the spike protein, compared to the original Wuhan sequence, which is of great concern, because of their potential for immune escape. Here we report on the efficacy of common dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) to block protein-protein interaction of spike S1 to the human ACE2 cell surface receptor. This could be shown for the original spike D614, but also for its mutant forms (D614G, N501Y, and mix of K417N, E484K, N501Y) in human HEK293-hACE2 kidney and A549-hACE2-TMPRSS2 lung cells. High molecular weight compounds in the water-based extract account for this effect. Infection of the lung cells using SARS-CoV-2 spike pseudotyped lentivirus particles was efficiently prevented by the extract and so was virus-triggered pro-inflammatory interleukin 6 secretion. Modern herbal monographs consider the usage of this medicinal plant as safe. Thus, the in vitro results reported here should encourage further research on the clinical relevance and applicability of the extract as prevention strategy for SARS-CoV-2 infection. Significance statementSARS-CoV-2 is steadily mutating during continuous transmission among humans. This might eventually lead the virus into evading existing therapeutic and prophylactic approaches aimed at the viral spike. We found effective inhibition of protein-protein interaction between the human virus cell entry receptor ACE2 and SARS-CoV-2 spike, including five relevant mutations, by water-based common dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) extracts. This was shown in vitro using human kidney (HEK293) and lung (A549) cells, overexpressing the ACE2 and ACE2/TMPRSS2 protein, respectively. Infection of the lung cells using SARS-CoV-2 pseudotyped lentivirus was efficiently prevented by the extract. The results deserve more in-depth analysis of dandelions effectiveness in SARS-CoV-2 prevention and now require confirmatory clinical evidence.

microbiology↗

bioRxiv2021

Local jasmonic acid cues drive systemic acquired resistance signal generation

The phytohormones salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA) promote two, mutually antagonistic immune pathways respectively protecting plants from biotrophic pathogens and necrotrophic pathogens or insects. This trade-off largely precludes the exploitation of SA and JA immune components for crop protection, raising the interest in immune signalling components that disrupt SA-JA antagonism. A local pathogen infection primes SA-dependent immunity in systemic tissues. This so-called systemic acquired resistance (SAR) ensures a long-lasting, broad-spectrum disease resistance that is not subject to SA-JA antagonism. Here, we show that two sequence-related LEGUME LECTIN-LIKE PROTEINs (LLPs) promote SAR through spatially separated functions with JA promoting local SAR signal generation through LLP3. In concert with LLP1, which is important for systemic recognition and propagation of SAR signals, LLP3 promotes both SA-dependent SAR and JA-mediated immunity. Thus, exploitation of LLP-associated signalling cues might allow application of plant innate immune signals to promote (crop) plant health.

plant biology↗

bioRxiv2020

Rhamnolipids and their 3-(3-hydroxyalkanoyloxy)alkanoic acid precursors activate Arabidopsis innate immunity through two independent mechanisms

Plant innate immunity is activated upon perception of invasion pattern molecules by plant cell-surface immune receptors. Several bacteria of the genera Pseudomonas and Burkholderia produce rhamnolipids (RLs) from L- rhamnose and (R)-3-hydroxyalkanoate precursors (HAAs). RL and HAA secretion is required to modulate bacterial surface motility, biofilm development, and thus successful colonization of hosts. Here, we show that the lipidic secretome from the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa mostly comprising RLs and HAAs stimulates Arabidopsis immunity. We demonstrate that HAAs are sensed by the bulb-type lectin receptor kinase LIPOOLIGOSACCHARIDE-SPECIFIC REDUCED ELICITATION/S-DOMAIN-1-29 (LORE/SD1-29) that also mediates medium-chain 3-hydroxy fatty acid (mc-3-OH-FA) perception in the plant Arabidopsis thaliana. HAA sensing induces canonical immune signaling and local resistance to plant pathogenic Pseudomonas infection. By contrast, RLs trigger an atypical immune response and resistance to Pseudomonas infection independent of LORE. Thus, the glycosyl moieties of RLs, albeit abolishing sensing by LORE, do not impair their ability to trigger plant defense. In addition, our results show that RL-triggered immune response is affected by the sphingolipid composition of the plasma membrane. In conclusion, RLs and their precursors released by bacteria can both be perceived by plants but through distinct mechanisms. SignificanceActivation of plant innate immunity relies on the perception of microorganisms through self and nonself elicitors. Rhamnolipids and their precursor HAAs are exoproducts produced by beneficial and pathogenic bacteria. They are involved in bacterial surface dissemination and biofilm development. As these compounds are released in the extracellular milieu, they have the potential to be perceived by the plant immune system. Our work shows that both compounds independently activate plant immunity. We demonstrate that HAAs are perceived by the receptor protein kinase LORE. By contrast, rhamnolipids are not senses by LORE but activate a non-canonical immune response affected by the sphingolipid composition of the plant plasma membrane. Thus, plants are able to sense bacterial molecules as well as their direct precursors to trigger a distinct immune response.

plant biology↗

bioRxiv2019

The Arabidopsis receptor kinase STRUBBELIG regulates the response to cellulose deficiency

Plant cells are encased in a semi-rigid cell wall of complex build. As a consequence, cell wall remodeling is essential for the control of growth and development as well as the regulation of abiotic and biotic stress responses. Plant cells actively sense physico-chemical changes in the cell wall and initiate corresponding cellular responses. However, the underlying cell wall monitoring mechanisms remain poorly understood. In Arabidopsis the atypical receptor kinase STRUBBELIG (SUB) mediates tissue morphogenesis. Here, we show that SUB-mediated signal transduction also regulates the cellular response to a reduction in the biosynthesis of cellulose, a central carbohydrate component of the cell wall. SUB signaling affects early increase of intracellular reactive oxygen species, stress gene induction as well as ectopic lignin and callose accumulation upon exogenous application of the cellulose biosynthesis inhibitor isoxaben. Moreover, our data reveal that SUB signaling is required for maintaining cell size and shape of root epidermal cells and the recovery of root growth after transient exposure to isoxaben. SUB is also required for root growth arrest in mutants with defective cellulose biosynthesis. Genetic data further indicate that SUB controls the isoxaben-induced cell wall stress response independently from other known receptor kinase genes mediating this response, such as THESEUS1 or MIK2. We propose that SUB functions in a least two distinct biological processes: the control of tissue morphogenesis and the response to cell wall damage. Taken together, our results reveal a novel signal transduction pathway that contributes to the molecular framework underlying cell wall integrity signaling.\n\nAuthor SummaryPlant cells are encapsulated by a semi-rigid and biochemically complex cell wall. This particular feature has consequences for multiple biologically important processes, such as cell and organ growth or various stress responses. For a plant cell to grow the cell wall has to be modified to allow cell expansion, which is driven by outward-directed turgor pressure generated inside the cell. In return, changes in cell wall architecture need to be monitored by individual cells, and to be coordinated across cells in a growing tissue, for an organ to attain its regular size and shape. Cell wall surveillance also comes also into play in the reaction against certain stresses, including for example infection by plant pathogens, many of which break through the cell wall during infection, thereby generating wall-derived factors that can induce defense responses. There is only limited knowledge regarding the molecular system that monitors the composition and status of the cell wall. Here we provide further insight into the mechanism. We show that the cell surface receptor STRUBBELIG, previously known to control organ development in Arabidopsis, also promotes the cells response to reduced amounts of cellulose, a main component of the cell wall.

plant biology↗