Biology subjects

Craig, C. A.

Publications and source records attributed to Craig, C. A..

3 recordsLinked to original sources

bioRxiv2025

REverse-transcriptase ACTivity with CRISPR (REACTR) Assay for Ganciclovir Triphosphate Monitoring

BackgroundCytomegalovirus (CMV) can cause severe disease and death in infants and immunocompromised people. Although effective at treating CMV, the first-line drug - ganciclovir (GCV) - has high rates of pharmacokinetic variability which leads to significant rates of underexposure or toxicity. Intracellular concentrations of ganciclovir triphosphate (GCV-TP) - GCVs active anabolite - are associated with dose-dependent neutropenia and could enable dose individualization to improve treatment efficacy and reduce adverse effects. However, GCV-TP is currently measured using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) which is impractical for routine use, especially in resource-limited settings, because of its high cost, labor-intensiveness, and need for specialized equipment. To address this gap, we adapted the REverse transcriptase ACTivity with CRISPR (REACTR) assay to measure GCV-TP. MethodsWe leveraged our earlier work using REACTR to measure reverse transcriptase (RT) inhibitors used to treat and prevent human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) because GCV-TP serendipitously also inhibits HIV RT. We designed custom DNA templates, primers, and CRISPR complexes to accurately measure GCV-TP spiked into buffer and blood. We evaluated the assays analytical performance with 40 dried blood spots from infants with congenital CMV. ResultsREACTR reproducibly measured clinically relevant GCV-TP concentrations using a simple workflow and equipment that are readily available in many clinical laboratories. REACTR measurements of clinical samples correlated with LC-MS/MS GCV-TP measurements (r = -0.7891; p<0.0001). ConclusionsThis study highlights the potential of REACTR as a rapid and accessible alternative to LC-MS/MS for therapeutic drug monitoring of GCV.

bioengineering↗

bioRxiv2025

To the homeRNAmax: Developing an Improved Blood Self-Collection and Stabilization Platform for Remote Transcriptomic Studies

Shifting human subjects research from research sites to participants homes removes barriers to participation, including transportation and scheduling difficulties. Previously, we developed homeRNA, a kit for immediate stabilization of RNA in self-collected blood using a custom-engineered tube containing RNA stabilizer fluid. The stabilized RNA is extracted and used for downstream gene expression analysis. Here, we introduce homeRNAmax, which improves our original design by interfacing with a commercially available blood collection tube (BD Microtainer), allowing homeRNAmax to be used with any blood collection method that uses this tube and doubling the possible sample volume that can be collected and stabilized compared to the original homeRNA. Through a pilot study (n=19 participants), we show that homeRNAmax (with the Tasso+ blood collection device) produces RNA samples of sufficient quality (mean RIN=7.8) and yield (mean yield=1.93 g) for downstream analysis and can reach participants across the United States, who generally (n=17/19) found the homeRNAmax kit easy to use. A key aspect of the homeRNA and homeRNAmax platforms is a fluidic feature that prevents the RNA stabilizer from spilling, however our previous work had not yet fully characterized the mechanism of this feature. Here, we developed a theoretical model of the spill-resistant feature. In brief, fluid in the tube is suspended due to a balance of pressures; an increase in air volume within the tube reduces the air pressure above the fluid, creating a small vacuum, and preventing fluid leakage. Overall, we show that homeRNAmax is a user-friendly, effective tool for remote blood RNA stabilization.

bioengineering↗

bioRxiv2023

Democratizing access to microfluidics: Rapid prototyping of capillary microfluidics with a low-cost masked stereolithography 3D printer

Microfluidics offer user-friendly liquid handling for a range of biochemical applications. 3D printing microfluidics is rapid and cost-effective compared to conventional cleanroom fabrication. Typically, microfluidics are 3D printed using digital light projection (DLP) stereolithography (SLA), but many models in use are expensive ([≥]$10,000 USD), limiting widespread use. Recent liquid crystal display (LCD) technology advancements have provided inexpensive (<$500) SLA 3D printers with sufficient pixel resolution for microfluidic applications. However, there are only a few demonstrations of microfluidic fabrication, limited validation of print fidelity, and no direct comparisons between LCD and DLP printers. We compared a 40 {micro}m pixel resolution DLP printer ([~]$18,000 USD) with a 34.4 {micro}m (<$380) LCD-SLA printer. Consistent with prior work, we observed linear trends between designed and measured channel widths [≥] 4 pixels on both printers, so we calculated accuracy above this size threshold. Using a standard IPA wash resin and optimized parameters for each printer, the average error between designed and measured widths was 2.11 {+/-} 1.26% with the DLP printer and 15.4 {+/-} 2.57% with the 34.4 {micro}m LCD printer. The average coefficient of variation [CV] was [~]2% for both printers. Printing with optimized conditions for a low-cost water wash resin designed for LCD-SLA printers resulted in an average error of 2.53 {+/-} 0.94% with the 34.4 {micro}m LCD printer and 5.35 {+/-} 4.49% with a 22 {micro}m LCD printer. We characterized additional parameters including surface roughness, channel perpendicularity, and light intensity uniformity, and as an application of LCD-printed devices, we demonstrated consistent flow rates in capillaric circuits for self-regulated and self-powered delivery of multiple liquids. In conclusion, LCD printers are an inexpensive alternative for fabricating microfluidics, with minimal differences in fidelity and accuracy compared with a 20X more expensive DLP printer.

scientific communication and education↗