Biology subjects

Concato, J.

Publications and source records attributed to Concato, J..

3 recordsLinked to original sources

bioRxiv2019

Genomic Characterization of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in a Large US Military Veteran Sample

Individuals vary in their liability to develop Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), the symptoms of which are highly heterogeneous, following exposure to life-threatening trauma. Understanding genetic factors that contribute to the biology of PTSD is critical for refining diagnosis and developing new treatments. Using genetic data from more than 250,000 participants in the Million Veteran Program, genomewide association analyses were conducted using a validated electronic health record-based algorithmically-defined PTSD diagnosis phenotype (48,221 cases and 217,223 controls), and PTSD quantitative symptom phenotypes (212,007 individuals). We identified several genome-wide significant loci in the case-control analyses, and numerous such loci in the quantitative trait analyses, including some (e.g., MAD1L1; TCF4; CRHR1) that were associated with multiple symptom sub-domains and total symptom score, and others that were more specific to certain symptom sub-domains (e.g., CAMKV to re-experiencing; SOX6 to hyperarousal). Genetic correlations between all pairs of symptom sub-domains and their total were very high (rg 0.93 - 0.98) supporting validity of the PTSD diagnostic construct. We also demonstrate strong shared heritability with a range of traits, show that heritability persists when conditioned on other major psychiatric disorders, present independent replication results, provide support for one of the implicated genes in postmortem brain of individuals with PTSD, and use this information to identify potential drug repositioning candidates. These results point to the utility of genetics to inform and validate the biological coherence of the PTSD syndrome despite considerable heterogeneity at the symptom level, and to provide new directions for treatment development.

genetics↗

bioRxiv2019

Reproducible Risk Loci and Psychiatric Comorbidities in Anxiety: Results from ~200,000 Million Veteran Program Participants

We used GWAS in the Million Veteran Program sample (nearly 200,000 informative individuals) using a continuous trait for anxiety (GAD-2) to identify 5 genome-wide significant (GWS) signals for European Americans (EA) and 1 for African Americans. The strongest findings were on chromosome 3 (rs4603973, p=7.40x10-11) near the SATB1 locus, a global regulator of gene expression and on chromosome 6 (rs6557168, p=1.04x10-9) near ESR1 which encodes estrogen receptor . A locus identified on chromosome 7 near MADIL1 (p=1.62x10-8) has been previously identified in GWAS of bipolar disorder and of schizophrenia and may represent a risk factor for psychiatric disorders broadly. SNP-based heritability was estimated to be ~6% for GAD-2. We also GWASed for self-reported anxiety disorder diagnoses (N=224,330) and identified two GWS loci, one (rs35546597, MAF=0.42, p=1.88x10-8) near the AURKB locus, and the other (rsl0534613, MAF=0.41, p=4.92x10-8) near the IQCHE and MADIL1 locus identified in the GAD-2 analysis. We demonstrate reproducibility by replicating our top findings in the summary statistics from the Anxiety NeuroGenetics Study (ANGST) and a UK Biobank neuroticism GWAS. We also replicated top findings from a large UK Biobank preprint, demonstrating stability of GWAS findings in complex traits once sufficient power is attained. Finally, we found evidence of significant genetic overlap between anxiety and major depression using polygenic risk scores, but also found that the main anxiety signals are independent of those for MDD. This work presents novel insights into the neurobiological risk underpinning anxiety and related psychiatric disorders. SignificanceAnxiety disorders are common and often disabling. They are also frequently co-morbid with other mental disorders such as major depressive disorder (MDD); these disorders may share commonalities in their underlying genetic architecture. Using one of the largest homogenously phenotyped cohorts available, the Million Veteran Program sample, we investigated common variants associated with anxiety in genome-wide association studies (GWASes), using survey results from the GAD-2 anxiety scale (as a continuous trait, n=199,611), and self-reported anxiety disorder diagnosis (as a binary trait, n=224,330). This largest GWAS to date for anxiety and related traits identified numerous novel significant associations, several of which are replicated in other datasets, and allows inference of underlying biology.

genetics↗

bioRxiv2019

Genome-wide Association Study of Alcohol Consumption and Use Disorder in Multiple Populations (N = 274,424)

Although alcohol consumption level and alcohol use disorder (AUD) diagnosis are both moderately heritable, their genetic risks and overlap are not well understood. We conducted genome-wide association studies of these traits using longitudinal Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test-Consumption (AUDIT-C) scores (reflecting alcohol consumption) and AUD diagnoses from electronic health records (EHRs) in a single, large multi-ancestry Million Veteran Program sample. Meta-analysis across population groups (N = 274,424) identified 18 genome-wide significant loci, 5 of which were associated with both traits and 13 with either AUDIT-C (N = 8) or AUD (N = 5). A significant genetic correlation between the traits reflects this overlap. However, downstream analyses revealed biologically meaningful points of divergence. Cell-type group partitioning heritability enrichment analyses indicated that central nervous system was the most significant cell type for AUDIT-C and the only significant cell type for AUD. Polygenic risk scores (PRS) for both traits were associated with alcohol-related disorders in two independent samples. Genetic correlations for 188 non-alcohol-related traits were significantly different for the two traits, as were the phenotypes associated with the traits polygenic risk scores. We conclude that EHR-derived, longitudinal, repeated measures of alcohol consumption level and AUD diagnosis can facilitate genetic discovery and help to elucidate the relationship between drinking level and AUD risk. Finally, although heavy drinking is a key risk factor for AUD, it is not a sufficient cause of the disorder.

genetics↗