Biology subjects

Chunduri, N. K.

Publications and source records attributed to Chunduri, N. K..

3 recordsLinked to original sources

bioRxiv2021

Systems approaches identify the consequences ofmonosomy in somatic human cells

Chromosome loss that results in monosomy is detrimental to viability, yet, it is frequently observed in cancers. How cancers survive with monosomy is unknown. Using p53 deficient monosomic cell lines, we found that chromosome loss impairs proliferation and genomic stability. Transcriptome and proteome analysis revealed a partial compensation of the gene dosage changes that mitigates the effects of chromosome loss. Monosomy triggers global gene expression changes that differ from the effects of trisomy. We show that ribosome biogenesis and translation were commonly downregulated in monosomic cells, likely due to haploinsufficiency of ribosomal genes. The ensuing ribosome biogenesis stress triggers the p53 pathway and G1 arrest when TP53 is reintroduced into monosomic cells. Accordingly, impaired ribosome biogenesis and p53 inactivation are associated with monosomy in cancer. Our first systematic study of monosomy in human cells explains why monosomy is so detrimental and how loss of p53 enables its incidence in cancer.

systems biology↗

bioRxiv2020

Chromosomal instability accelerates the evolution of resistance to anti-cancer therapies

Aneuploidy is a ubiquitous feature of human tumors, but the acquisition of aneuploidy is typically detrimental to cellular fitness. To investigate how aneuploidy could contribute to tumor growth, we triggered periods of chromosomal instability (CIN) in human cells and then exposed them to a variety of different culture environments. While chromosomal instability was universally detrimental under normal growth conditions, we discovered that transient CIN reproducibly accelerated the ability of cells to adapt and thrive in the presence of anti-cancer therapeutic agents. Single-cell sequencing revealed that these drug-resistant populations recurrently developed specific whole-chromosome gains and losses. We independently derived one aneuploidy that was frequently recovered in cells exposed to paclitaxel, and we found that this chromosome loss event was sufficient to decrease paclitaxel sensitivity. Finally, we demonstrated that intrinsic levels of CIN correlate with poor responses to a variety of systemic therapies in a collection of patient-derived xenografts. In total, our results show that while chromosomal instability generally antagonizes cell fitness, it also provides phenotypic plasticity to cancer cells that can allow them to adapt to diverse stressful environments. Moreover, our findings suggest that aneuploidy may function as an under-explored cause of therapy failure in human tumors.

cancer biology↗

bioRxiv2019

Single chromosome gains can function as metastasis suppressors and metastasis promoters

Most human tumors display chromosome-scale copy number alterations, and high levels of aneuploidy are frequently associated with advanced disease and poor patient prognosis. To examine the relationship between aneuploidy and cancer progression, we generated and analyzed a series of congenic human cell lines that harbor single extra chromosomes. We find that different aneuploidies can have distinct effects on invasive behavior: across 13 different cell lines, 12 trisomies suppressed invasiveness or were largely neutral, while a single trisomy increased metastatic behavior by triggering a partial epithelial-mesenchymal transition. In contrast, chromosomal instability, which can lead to the development of aneuploidy, uniformly suppressed cellular invasion. By analyzing genomic copy number and survival data from 10,133 cancer patients, we demonstrate that specific aneuploidies are associated with distinct clinical outcomes, and the acquisition of certain aneuploidies is in fact linked with a favorable prognosis. Thus, aneuploidy is not a uniform driver of malignancy, and different chromosome copy number changes can uniquely influence tumor progression. At the same time, the gain of a single chromosome is capable of inducing a profound cell state transition, underscoring how genomic plasticity can engender phenotypic plasticity and lead to the acquisition of enhanced metastatic properties.

cancer biology↗