Choi, Y. Y. | Search bioRxiv

bioRxiv2024

Stimulative piezoelectric nanofibrous scaffolds for enhanced small extracellular vesicle production in 3D cultures

Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) have great promise as effective carriers for drug delivery. However, the challenges associated with the efficient production of sEVs hinder their clinical applications. Herein, we report a stimulative 3D culture platform for enhanced sEV production. The proposed platform consists of a piezoelectric nanofibrous scaffold (PES) coupled with acoustic stimulation to enhance sEV production of cells in a 3D biomimetic microenvironment. Combining cell stimulation with a 3D culture platform in this stimulative PES enables a 15.7-fold increase in the production rate per cell with minimal deviations in particle size and protein composition compared with standard 2D cultures. We find that the enhanced sEV production is attributable to the activation and upregulation of crucial sEV production steps through the synergistic effect of stimulation and the 3D microenvironment. Moreover, changes in cell morphology lead to cytoskeleton redistribution through cell-matrix interactions in the 3D cultures. This in turn facilitates intracellular EV trafficking, which impacts the production rate. Overall, our work provides a promising 3D cell culture platform based on piezoelectric biomaterials for enhanced sEV production. This platform is expected to accelerate the potential use of sEVs for drug delivery and broad biomedical applications.

bioengineering↗

bioRxiv2023

Multi-omics Identification and Route-Specific Characterization of Metastasis-specific EMT Genes and Their Microenvironmental Interactions

BackgroundGastric cancer (GC) constitute a significant cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide, with metastatic patterns including hematogenous, peritoneal, and ovarian routes. Although GC gene expression patterns have been extensively researched, the metastasis-specific gene expression landscape remains largely unexplored. MethodsWe undertook a whole transcriptome sequencing analysis of 66 paired primary and metastatic (hematogenous, peritoneal, or ovarian) GC tumors from 14 patients. Public databases including The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) was used for validation. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) of four ascites from serosa positive GC patients and five primary tumors by layer (superficial and deep) were analyzed. ResultsThrough differential expression analysis between paired primary and metastatic tumors by routes identified 122 unique metastasis-specific epithelial-mesenchymal transition (msEMT) genes. These genes demonstrated varying expression patterns depending on the metastatic route, suggesting route-specific molecular mechanisms in GC metastasis. High expression of msEMT genes in primary tumors was associated with more frequent CDH1 mutations, the genomically stable subtype, and poor prognosis in TCGA GC cohort. This association was further corroborated by poor prognosis and high predictive performance for peritoneal/ovarian recurrence in two independent cohorts (GSE66229; n=300, GSE84437; n=433). scRNA-seq analysis of five primary tumors (GSE167297) and four independent ascites samples from GC patients revealed that msEMT genes were predominantly expressed in diverse fibroblast sub-populations, rather than cancer cells. ConclusionsThis study illuminates the route-specific mechanisms and underlines the significance of msEMT genes and cancer-associated fibroblasts in peritoneal metastasis of GC.

genomics↗