Chandrakumar, I. | Search bioRxiv

bioRxiv2023

refMLST: Reference-based Multilocus Sequence Typing Enables Universal Bacterial Typing

SummaryCommonly used approaches for genomic investigation of bacterial outbreaks, including SNP and gene-by-gene approaches, are limited by the requirement for curated allele schemes. As a result, they only work on a select subset of known organisms, and fail on novel or less studied pathogens. We introduce refMLST, a gene-by-gene approach using the reference genome of a bacterium to form a scalable, reproducible and robust method to perform outbreak investigation. When applied to 1263 Salmonella enterica genomes, refMLST enabled consistent clustering, improved resolution and faster processing in comparison to chewieSnake. refMLST is applicable to any bacterial species with a public genome, does not require a curated scheme, and automatically accounts for genetic recombination. Availability and ImplementationrefMLST is freely available for academic use at https://bugseq.com/academic.

bioinformatics↗

bioRxiv2021

BugSplit: highly accurate taxonomic binning of metagenomic assemblies enables genome-resolved metagenomics

A large gap remains between sequencing a microbial community and characterizing all of the organisms inside of it. Here we develop a novel method to taxonomically bin metagenomic assemblies through alignment of contigs against a reference database. We show that this workflow, BugSplit, bins metagenome-assembled contigs to species with a 33% absolute improvement in F1-score when compared to alternative tools. We perform nanopore mNGS on patients with COVID-19, and using a reference database predating COVID-19, demonstrate that BugSplits taxonomic binning enables sensitive and specific detection of a novel coronavirus not possible with other approaches. When applied to nanopore mNGS data from cases of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Neisseria gonorrhoeae infection, BugSplits taxonomic binning accurately separates pathogen sequences from those of the host and microbiota, and unlocks the possibility of sequence typing, in silico serotyping, and antimicrobial resistance prediction of each organism within a sample. BugSplit is available at https://bugseq.com/academic.

bioinformatics↗