Camilleri-Broet, S. | Search bioRxiv

bioRxiv2022

Data-Independent Acquisition and Quantification of Extracellular Matrix from Human Lung in Chronic Inflammation-Associated Carcinomas

Early events associated with chronic inflammation and cancer involve significant remodeling of the extracellular matrix (ECM), which greatly affects its composition and functional properties. Using lung squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC), a chronic inflammation-associated cancer (CIAC), we optimized a robust proteomic pipeline to discover potential biomarker signatures and protein changes specifically in the stroma. We combined ECM enrichment from fresh human tissues, data-independent acquisition strategies, and stringent statistical processing to analyze Tumor and matched adjacent histologically normal ( Matched Normal) tissues from patients with LSCC. Overall, 1,802 protein groups were quantified with at least two unique peptides, and 56% of those proteins were annotated as extracellular. Confirming dramatic ECM remodeling during CIAC progression, 529 proteins were significantly altered in the Tumor compared to Matched Normal tissues. The signature was typified by a coordinated loss of basement membrane proteins and small leucine-rich proteins. The dramatic increase in the stromal levels of SERPINH1/heat shock protein 47, that was discovered using our ECM proteomic pipeline, was validated by immunohistochemistry (IHC) of Tumor and Matched Normal tissues, obtained from an independent cohort of LSCC patients. This integrated workflow provided novel insights into ECM remodeling during CIAC progression, and identified potential biomarker signatures and future therapeutic targets. Statement of significance of the studyThe extracellular matrix (ECM) is a complex scaffolding network composed of glycoproteins, proteoglycans and collagens, which binds soluble factors and, most importantly, significantly impacts cell fate and function. Alterations of ECM homeostasis create a microenvironment promoting tumor formation and progression, therefore deciphering molecular details of aberrant ECM remodeling is essential. Here, we present a multi-laboratory and refined proteomic workflow, featuring i) the prospective collection of tumor and matched histologically normal tissues from patients with lung squamous cell carcinoma, ii) the enrichment for ECM proteins, and iii) subsequent label-free data-independent acquisition (DIA)-based quantification. DIA is a powerful strategy to comprehensively profile and quantify all detectable precursor ions contained in the biological samples, with high quantification accuracy and reproducibility. When combined with very stringent statistical cutoffs, this unbiased strategy succeeded in capturing robust and highly confident proteins changes associated with cancer, despite biological variability between individuals. This label-free quantification workflow provided the flexibility required for ongoing prospective studies. Discussions with clinicians, surgeons, pathologists, and cancer biologists represent an opportunity to interrogate the DIA digitalized maps of the samples for newly formulated questions and hypotheses, thus gaining insights into the continuum of the disease and opening the path to novel ECM-targeted therapies.

cancer biology↗

bioRxiv2021

Gram-negative bacterial infection increases lung cancer metastasis via Toll-like receptor 1 activation and increased cancer cell proliferation post-tumor adhesion

BackgroundLung cancer is a leading cause of death partially due to high recurrence rates after surgical resection. Clinical data suggest that post-operative infections may increase the risk of recurrence. Our previous work indicated that increased adhesion of circulating tumors in the context of infection is partially responsible for this phenotype. However, cancer metastasis is a multi-step process, and it is likely that other events following tumor adhesion also play a role. MethodsIn vivo intrasplenic injection of murine lung cancer cells into wild type (WT) and Toll-like receptor 4 knockout (TLR4-/-) mice followed by cecal-ligation and puncture (CLP) as a model of post-operative infection or sham surgery were used. H&E staining and immunohistochemistry analysis of Ki67+ cells in the livers of those mice were performed. In vitro proliferation assays were performed on human lung cancer cells using combinations of TLR blockade. ResultsWe found a 5-fold increase in hepatic metastases in WT CLP mice compared to WT sham mice. TLR4-/- CLP mice had a significant decreased tumor burden compared to WT CLP mice. This indicated an important mechanistic role for the TLR4-initiated host response to gram negative infection post-tumor cell adhesion. By analyzing the livers of those mice, we observed an increase in proliferation of tumor micrometastases in vivo in WT CLP mice as compared to WT sham mice. Here again, CLP TLR4 -/- mice had significantly fewer replicating micrometastases than CLP WT mice. Indeed, we found that direct stimulation of lung cancer cells with heat-inactivated E.Coli resulted in increased proliferation of tumor growth in vitro. These effects were partially abrogated by tumor TLR4 blockade; combined TLR2, 4 and 5 blockades led to a more prominent decrease. Conditioned media from bronchoalveolar epithelial cells treated with lipopolysaccharide lead to increased lung cancer proliferation; these changes were reversed with TLR blockade, indicating that the host response to infection is TLR mediated. ConclusionsOverall, these results imply a more complex mechanistic role of post-operative infection in metastasis. From a clinical standpoint, this evidence strengthens the case for the use of TLR blockade as a potential therapeutic target in the prevention of metastasis.

cancer biology↗