Hybrid refinement of heterogeneous conformational ensembles using spectroscopic data
Multi-structured biomolecular systems play crucial roles in a wide variety of cellular processes but have resisted traditional methods of structure determination which often resolve only a few low-energy states. High-resolution structure determination using experimental methods that yield distributional data remains extremely difficult, especially when the underlying conformational ensembles are quite heterogeneous. We have therefore developed a method to integrate sparse, multi-multimodal spectroscopic data to obtain high-resolution estimates of conformational ensembles. We have tested our method by incorporating double electron-electron resonance data on the SNARE protein syntaxin-1a into biased molecular dynamics simulations. We find that our method substantially outperforms existing state-of-the-art methods in capturing syntaxins open/closed conformational equilibrium and further yields new conformational states that are both consistent with experimental data and may help in understanding syntaxins function. Our improved methods for refining heterogeneous conformational ensembles from spectroscopic data will greatly accelerate the structural understanding of such systems.