The SERM/SERD Bazedoxifene Disrupts ESR1 Helix 12 to Overcome Acquired Hormone Resistance in Breast Cancer Cells
Acquired resistance to endocrine therapy remains a significant clinical burden for breast cancer patients. Somatic mutations in the ESR1 (estrogen receptor alpha (ER) gene ligand-binding domain (LBD) represent a recognized mechanism of acquired resistance. Antiestrogens with improved efficacy versus tamoxifen might overcome the resistant phenotype in ER+ breast cancers. Bazedoxifene (BZA) is a potent antiestrogen that is clinically approved for use in hormone replacement therapies. We find BZA possesses improved inhibitory potency against the Y537S and D538G ER mutants compared to tamoxifen and has additional inhibitory activity in combination with the CDK4/6 inhibitor palbociclib. In addition, comprehensive biophysical and structural biology studies show that BZAs selective estrogen receptor degrading (SERD) properties that override the stabilizing effects of the Y537S and D538G ER mutations.\n\nSignificanceBazedoxifene (BZA) is a potent orally available antiestrogen that is clinically approved for use in hormone replacement therapy (DUAVEE). We explore the efficacy of BZA to inhibit activating somatic mutants of ER that can arise in metastatic breast cancers after prolonged exposure to aromatase inhibitors or tamoxifen therapy. Breast cancer cell line, biophysical, and structural data show that BZA disrupts helix 12 of the ER ligand binding domain to achieve improved potency against Y537S and D538G somatic mutants compared to 4-hydroxytamoxifen.