Biology subjects

Brooks, T.

Publications and source records attributed to Brooks, T..

3 recordsLinked to original sources

bioRxiv2022

A cell atlas of human adrenal cortex development and disease

The adrenal glands synthesize and release essential steroid hormones such as cortisol and aldosterone, but the mechanisms underlying human adrenal gland development are not fully understood. Here, we combined single-cell and bulk RNA-sequencing, spatial transcriptomics, immunohistochemistry and micro-focus computed tomography to investigate key aspects of adrenal development in the first 20 weeks of gestation. We demonstrate rapid adrenal growth and vascularization, with cell division in the outer definitive zone (DZ). Steroidogenic pathways favor androgen synthesis in the central fetal zone (FZ), but DZ capacity to synthesize cortisol and aldosterone develops with time. Core transcriptional regulators were identified, with a role for HOPX in the DZ. Potential ligand- receptor interactions between mesenchyme and adrenal cortex were seen (e.g., RSPO3/LGR4). Growth-promoting imprinted genes were enriched in the developing cortex (e.g. IGF2, PEG3). These findings reveal new aspects of human adrenal development, and have clinical implications for understanding primary adrenal insufficiency and related postnatal adrenal disorders, such as adrenal tumor development, steroid disorders and neonatal stress.

developmental biology↗

bioRxiv2022

Large clones of pre-existing T cells drive early immunity against SARS-COV-2 and LCMV infection.

We analyzed the dynamics of the earliest T cell response to SARS-COV-2. A wave of TCRs strongly but transiently expand during infection, frequently peaking the same week as the first positive PCR test. These expanding TCR CDR3s were enriched for sequences functionally annotated as SARS-COV-2 specific. Most epitopes recognized by the expanding TCRs were highly conserved between SARS-COV-2 strains, but not with circulating human coronaviruses. Many expanding CDR3s were also present at high precursor frequency in pre-pandemic TCR repertoires. A similar set of early response TCRs specific for lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus epitopes were also found at high frequency in the pre-infection naive repertoire. High frequency naive precursors may allow the T cell response to respond rapidly during the crucial early phases of acute viral infection. One-Sentence SummaryHigh frequency naive precursors underly the rapid T cell response during the crucial early phases of acute viral infection.

immunology↗

bioRxiv2021

Circadian regulation of lung repair and regeneration

Optimal lung repair and regeneration is essential for recovery from viral infections such as that induced by influenza A virus (IAV). We have previously demonstrated that lung inflammation induced by IAV is under circadian control. However, it is not known if the circadian clock exerts its influence on lung repair and regenerative processes independent of acute inflammation from IAV. Here, we demonstrate for the first time that lung organoids have a functional clock as they mature and that the absence of an intact circadian clock impairs regenerative capacity. Using several models of circadian disruption, we show that with the absence of an intact clock lung proliferation is disrupted. Further, we find that the circadian clock acts through direct control of the Wnt/{beta}-catenin pathway. We speculate, that adding the circadian dimension to the critical process of lung repair and regeneration will lead to novel therapies and improve outcomes. Finally, we use data from UK Biobank to demonstrate at the population level, the role of poor circadian rhythms in mediating negative outcomes following lung infection.

cell biology↗