Search bioRxiv⌕ Search

Biology subjects

Bronstrup, M.

Publications and source records attributed to Bronstrup, M..

3 recordsLinked to original sources

Implementing considered elements of standardisation for Time Kill Curve experiments across multiple sites: A European collaboration perspective

SynopsisO_ST_ABSBackgroundC_ST_ABSThe main advantages of Time Kill Curves (TKCs) in antimicrobial drug development are the ability to track bacterial kill and regrowth over time and with varying drug concentrations. Whilst there are guideline documents in place, such as M26-A in CLSI, there remains scope for individual laboratory differences in practice. Here we evaluated several factors which potentially influenced data generated in TKCs. MethodsFirstly, E. coli ATCC 25922 was used to determine optimum sampling volume, culture vessel volume, CFU enumeration variance factors and static versus agitated cultures in a single laboratory. Secondly, a ring test comprising of TKCs was performed by six laboratories focusing on: standardised inoculum, static culture and two culture vessel sizes 10 mL and 200 {micro}L. Data analysis was performed to determine consistency within centres and between them. ResultsConsistently accurate inocula could be achieved by use of: larger sampling volumes between 100 {micro}L > 20 mL; larger culture vessels volumes (10 mL > 100 {micro}L) and higher inocula (10 8 > 1.5x10 5 CFU). Culture agitation during the TKC experiment resulted in reduced killing compared to static cultures. Reproducibility of TKCs was best between centres when they were performed in 10 mL culture vessels. There was more variability per site when performing TKC in 96 well trays. ConclusionsTechnical factors such as preparation of inocula, agitation, vessel size and enumeration of cultures are important variables in performing TKCs that need to be standardised in drug development programmes involving multiple laboratory centres.

microbiology↗

Is there a need to implement standardisation into in vitro antimicrobial evaluation systems? A European collaboration perspective

SynopsisO_ST_ABSBackgroundC_ST_ABSTime kill curve (TKC) assessments are an essential step in the study of an antimicrobials pharmacodynamic characteristics. Surprisingly TKCs have not be formally standardised, therefore there remain concerns that different testing centres/methodologies may produce different results. Six centres participating in Gram-negative-Antibiotics NOW (GNA-NOW) consortium measured a series of TKCs with meropenem against E. coli to establish: Same-day (SD) vs different-day (DD) replication per centre (intra-site), and centre to centre (inter-site) correlations. MethodsMeropenem was tested against three strains of E. coli (ATCC 25922; ESBL producer C1.55; OXA-48 producer C1.62). An inoculum of 1.5x106 CFU was specified with meropenem concentrations of x0, x1 to x16 MIC; and sampling assessment of bacterial density was determined at 0-24h. Experiments were performed in triplicate, aerobically at 37{degrees}C. Centre-specific methodology was collected. Meropenem, media, bacterial strains, were shipped from one central laboratory to participating laboratories. ANOVA and Friedman tests were used to assess SD, DD and between centre replications. ResultsAssessment of the methodologies between centres revealed many differences, including bacterial inoculum, meropenem preparation, volume of TKC vessel, vessel materials, agitation vs static cultures and sampling volumes. Intra-centre SD and DD analysis for all strains were generally associated with P>0.05 suggesting consistency. Inter-centre SD and DD comparisons resulted in P<0.05, indicating variable total bacterial load measurement between centres. ConclusionsTKC methodologies varied between different centres, and while intra-centre comparison of SD and DD were generally consistent, inter-centre comparisons were not. Standardisation of TKC methodologies is required.

microbiology↗

Discovery of a synthetic small molecule targeting the central regulator of Salmonella pathogenicity

The enteric pathogen Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium relies on the activity of effector proteins to invade, replicate, and disseminate into host epithelial cells and other tissues, thereby causing disease. Secretion and injection of effector proteins into host cells is mediated by dedicated secretion systems, which hence represent major virulence determinants. Here, we report the identification of a synthetic small molecule with drug-like properties, C26, which suppresses the secretion of effector proteins, and consequently hinders bacterial invasion of eukaryotic cells. C26 binds to and inhibits HilD, the transcriptional regulator of the major secretion systems. While sharing the same binding pocket as the previously described long-chain fatty acid ligands, C26 inhibits HilD with a unique binding mode and a distinct mechanism. We provide evidence for target engagement within infected eukaryotic cells and present analogs with improved potency and suitability as scaffolds to develop anti-virulence agents against Salmonella infections in humans and animals.

microbiology↗