Biology subjects

Bozadjieva-Kramer, N.

Publications and source records attributed to Bozadjieva-Kramer, N..

3 recordsLinked to original sources

bioRxiv2024

GDNF family receptor alpha-like (GFRAL) expression is restricted to the caudal brainstem

The TGF-{beta} cytokine, growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) is a critical mediator of the physiologic response to a range of cellular stresses. While circulating levels of GDF15 are normally very low, these levels increase substantially under a number of acute and chronic pathogenic states including mycotoxin exposure, infection and cancer. GDF15 controls a range of physiologic outputs including reduced appetite, gastric motility, hyperalgesia, emesis, energy expenditure and immune cell function via the GDNF family receptor alpha-like (GFRAL). While the area postrema and nucleus of the solitary tract (AP/NTS) within the caudal brainstem are the only known sites of Gfral-expressing cells, Gfral may also be expressed in other cell types. We therefore utilized single molecule in-situ hybridizations and genetic mouse models to label Gfral-expressing cells from development to adult mouse. With both approaches, we found Gfral-labelled cells in the brainstem and extremely rare Gfral-labelled cells in peripheral tissues in the mouse under normal physiological conditions. Confirming these findings, single nucleus RNA-sequencing of human tissues demonstrated nearly undetectable levels of Gfral mRNA in sites outside the AP/NTS. Our findings confirm AP/NTS neurons are the major site of Gfral expression.

molecular biology↗

bioRxiv2024

Control of Physiologic Glucose Homeostasis via the Hypothalamic Modulation of Gluconeogenic Substrate Availability

The brain augments glucose production during fasting, but the mechanisms are poorly understood. Here, we show that Cckbr-expressing neurons in the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus (VMNCckbr cells) prevent low blood glucose during fasting through sympathetic nervous system (SNS)-mediated augmentation of adipose tissue lipolysis and substrate release. Activating VMNCckbr neurons mobilized gluconeogenic substrates without altering glycogenolysis or gluconeogenic enzyme expression. Silencing these cells (CckbrTetTox animals) reduced fasting blood glucose, impaired lipolysis, and decreased circulating glycerol (but not other gluconeogenic substrates) despite normal insulin, counterregulatory hormones, liver glycogen, and liver gluconeogenic gene expression. Furthermore, {beta}3-adrenergic adipose tissue stimulation in CckbrTetTox animals restored lipolysis and blood glucose. Hence, VMNCckbr neurons impact blood glucose not by controlling islet or liver physiology, but rather by mobilizing gluconeogenic substrates. These findings establish a central role for hypothalamic and SNS signaling during normal glucose homeostasis and highlight the importance of gluconeogenic substrate mobilization during physiologic fasting.

physiology↗

bioRxiv2023

Liver Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 (FGF21) is Required for the Full Anorectic Effect of the Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonist Liraglutide in Male Mice fed High Carbohydrate Diets

Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonists and fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) confer similar metabolic benefits. Studies report that GLP-1RA induce FGF21. Here, we investigated the mechanisms engaged by the GLP-1R agonist liraglutide to increase FGF21 levels and the metabolic relevance of liraglutide-induced FGF21. We show that liraglutide increases FGF21 levels via neuronal GLP-1R activation. We also demonstrate that lack of liver Fgf21 expression confers partial resistance to liraglutide-induced weight loss. Since FGF21 reduces carbohydrate intake, we tested whether the contribution of FGF21 to liraglutide-induced weight loss is dependent on dietary carbohydrate content. In control and liver Fgf21 knockout (LivFgf21-/-) mice fed calorically matched diets with low- (LC) or high-carbohydrate (HC) content, we found that only HC-fed LivFgf21-/- mice were resistant to liraglutide-induced weight loss. Similarly, liraglutide-induced weight loss was partially impaired in LivFgf21-/- mice fed a high-fat, high-sugar (HFHS) diet. Lastly, we show that loss of neuronal {beta}-klotho expression also diminishes liraglutide-induced weight loss in mice fed a HC or HFHS diet, indicating that FGF21 mediates liraglutide-induced weight loss via neuronal FGF21 action. Our findings support a novel role for a GLP-1R-FGF21 axis in regulating body weight in the presence of high dietary carbohydrate content.

physiology↗