Biology subjects

Bhat, A. A.

Publications and source records attributed to Bhat, A. A..

3 recordsLinked to original sources

bioRxiv2024

Innovative Carnitine-Fed Rats Model Reveals Resveratrol Butyrate Ester's Multimechanistic Role in Reducing TMAO and Cardiovascular Risk

BACKGROUNDTrimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO), a metabolite produced from dietary carnitine through gut microbiota, is a recognized risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). High-fat diets and carnitine supplementation exacerbate TMAO levels and related risks, making them valuable in developing experimental models for studying CVD. Resveratrol butyrate ester (RBE) and its monomer ED4 have shown potential in reducing TMAO levels and improving cardiovascular outcomes through metabolic and microbial modulation, but their precise mechanisms remain unclear. METHODS AND RESULTSA novel animal model was established using 36 male Sprague-Dawley rats fed a high-fat diet supplemented with carnitine to elevate serum TMAO levels, simulating dietary-induced CVD risks. Rats were divided into six groups: control diet (CN), high-fat diet (HFD), high-fat diet with carnitine (HFDC), HFDC with dimethylbutanol (HFDCB), CN with ED4 (CNM), and HFDC with ED4 (HFDCM). Physiological parameters, serum lipid profiles, SCFA levels, microbiota composition, and gene expression (OCTN2 and FMO3) were analyzed. ED4 supplementation reduced serum TMAO levels by upregulating OCTN2 expression, promoting urinary TMAO excretion, and restoring SCFA levels. ED4 also modulated gut microbiota, reducing TMA-producing bacteria (e.g., Bacteroides), and improved cardiovascular markers, including reduced blood lipid levels and fat accumulation. While dimethylbutanol inhibited FMO3 expression to reduce TMAO, ED4 acted primarily through carnitine utilization and microbiota modulation. Both treatments enhanced urinary TMAO excretion and altered gut microbiota composition. CONCLUSIONSThis study introduced an innovative animal model combining high-fat and carnitine-enriched diets to study TMAO-related cardiovascular risks. ED4 demonstrated multimechanistic effects in reducing TMAO levels and CVD risk factors by modulating gut microbiota, restoring SCFA levels, and enhancing carnitine metabolism. These findings highlight ED4s therapeutic potential in cardiovascular protection and metabolic regulation. However, further research is needed to elucidate the molecular pathways underlying ED4s effects on TMAO metabolism and its broader translational applications.

molecular biology↗

bioRxiv2023

Comparative evaluation of straight and curved extension dialysis catheters for continuous renal replacement therapy in dogs with acute kidney injury

A patent dual lumen dialysis catheter is one of the basic requirements for efficient extracorporeal (EC) therapy. The objective of this study was to measure resistance to blood flow offered by straight and curved extension dual lumen dialysis catheters used for continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT). Twenty dogs suffering from acute kidney injury (AKI) were subjected to CRRT. The dogs were allocated randomly to Group-I (Curved extension catheter, n=12) or Group-II (Straight extension catheter, n=8), based on the type of dual-lumen catheter used in CRRT. The catheter outflow and inflow pressures were recorded at blood pump speeds of 50 mL/min and 99-100 mL/min. Data were tested for normality and differences in mean inflow and outflow catheter resistances were evaluated for statistical significance using independent samples t tests. Straight extension catheters offered lower inflow resistance than curved extension catheters at both 50 mL/min (41.50 {+/-} 5.84 mm Hg and 63.75 {+/-} 6.88 mm Hg, respectively; P=0.03) and 99-100 mL/min (63.00 {+/-} 8.11 mm Hg and 86.92 {+/-} 7.02 mm Hg, respectively; P=0.04) blood flow rates. Straight extension catheters also offered lower outflow resistance than curved catheters at 99-100 mL/min (-94.12 {+/-} 7.91 mm Hg and -128.25 {+/-} 7.56 mm Hg, respectively; P=0.01; the negative signs only indicate the direction of blood flow). These findings suggest that straight extension dual lumen dialysis catheters would likely perform better than the curved model in extracorporeal renal replacement therapy.

pathology↗

bioRxiv2020

Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 specific IgG antibodies in District Srinagar, northern India - a cross-sectional study

BackgroundPrevalence of IgG antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 infection provides essential information for deciding disease prevention and mitigation measures. We estimate the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 specific IgG antibodies in District Srinagar. Methods2906 persons >18 years of age selected from hospital visitors across District Srinagar participated in the study. We tested samples for the presence of SARS-CoV-2 specific IgG antibodies using a chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay-based serologic test. ResultsAge- and gender-standardized seroprevalence was 3.6% (95% CI 2.9% to 4.3%). Age 30-69 years, a recent history of symptoms of an influenza-like-illness, and a history of being placed under quarantine were significantly related to higher odds of the presence of SARS-CoV-2 specific IgG antibodies. The estimated number of SARS-CoV-2 infections during the two weeks preceding the study, adjusted for test performance, was 32602 with an estimated (median) infection-to-known-case ratio of 46 (95% CI 36 to 57). ConclusionsThe seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 specific IgG antibodies is low in the District. A large proportion of the population is still susceptible to the infection. A sizeable number of infections remain undetected, and a substantial proportion of people with symptoms compatible with COVID-19 are not tested.

immunology↗