Beres, L. | Search bioRxiv

bioRxiv2024

Interpersonal Synchronization in Mother-Child Dyads: Neural and Motor Coupling as a Mechanism for Motor Learning and Development in Preschoolers

Interpersonal movement synchrony (IMS) and brain-to-brain coupling play a crucial role in social behavior across species. In humans, IMS is often studied in structured tasks that require specific body movements, while spontaneous, unstructured movements have received less attention. In this study, we investigated both structured and spontaneous motor coordination in mother-child dyads. We recorded upper-body kinematics and dual-EEG from mothers and their preschool children during motor tasks and spontaneous face-to-face interactions. Our findings show that mother-child dyads synchronize their movements and neural activity, particularly in gamma band oscillations. This motor and neural synchrony evolves across task repetitions, with a strong correlation between motor and neural measures. Further, we observed that only motor synchronization was significantly related to the childs motor development stage, as assessed by the Movement Assessment Battery for Children. These results suggest that gamma band brain-to-brain coupling reflects joint motor coordination and mutual adaptation shaped by structured tasks and spontaneous interpersonal interactions.

neuroscience↗

bioRxiv2023

The effects of aging and hearing impairment on listening in noise

Listening in a noisy environment (e.g., speech in noise) relies on the fundamental ability to extract coherence from the variable sensory input. This allows the detection active sound sources and their segregation of them from the rest of the scene (figure-ground segregation). Peripheral and central causes of age-related decline of listening in noise were assessed by a tone-cloud-based figure detection task. In two conditions differing in the amount of noise, figure detection performance was equalized between young, normal-hearing, and hearing-impaired elderly listeners by adapting the stimulation separately to the abilities of each person. Based on behavioral measures and event-related brain potentials (ERP), in the absence of cognitive deficits, aging alone does not appear to significantly deteriorate the ability to detect sound sources in noise, although ERPs show delayed perceptual processes and some expected deterioration in attention and/or executive functions. However, even mild hearing impairment substantially reduces the ability to segregate individual sound sources within a complex auditory scene, and susceptibility to masking noise increases together with the severity of the hearing deficit. Significance StatementThis work provides new information about the contributions of central and peripheral causes to the typical age-related decline of listening in a noisy environment. Behavioral and neurophysiological data collected in a well-controlled model of listening in noise suggest that aging alone does not significantly reduce the ability to detect sound sources in a complex auditory scene. However, even mild hearing impairment significantly reduces this ability. The stimulus paradigm used appears to be quite sensitive to hearing loss, making it potentially useful for the early detection of hearing problems.

neuroscience↗