Benedetti, E. | Search bioRxiv

bioRxiv2019

Systematic evaluation of normalization methods for glycomics data based on performance of network inference

Glycomics measurements, like all other high-throughput technologies, are subject to technical variation due to fluctuations in the experimental conditions. The removal of this non-biological signal from the data is referred to as normalization. Contrary to other omics data types, a systematic evaluation of normalization options for glycomics data has not been published so far. In this paper, we assess the quality of different normalization strategies for glycomics data with an innovative approach. It has been shown previously that Gaussian Graphical Models (GGMs) inferred from glycomics data are able to identify enzymatic steps in the glycan synthesis pathways in a data-driven fashion. Based on this finding, we here quantify the quality of a given normalization method according to how well a GGM inferred from the respective normalized data reconstructs known synthesis reactions in the glycosylation pathway. The method therefore exploits a biological measure of goodness. We analyzed 23 different normalization combinations applied to six large-scale glycomics cohorts across three experimental platforms (LC-ESI-MS, UHPLC-FLD and MALDI-FTICR-MS). Based on our results, we recommend normalizing glycan data using the Probabilistic Quotient method followed by log-transformation, irrespective of the measurement platform.

bioinformatics↗

bioRxiv2019

A strategy to incorporate prior knowledge into correlation network cutoff selection

Correlation networks are commonly used to statistically extract biological interactions between omics markers. Network edge selection is typically based on the significance of the underlying correlation coefficients. A statistical cutoff, however, is not guaranteed to capture biological reality, and heavily depends on dataset properties such as sample size. We here propose an alternative, innovative approach to address the problem of network reconstruction. Specifically, we developed a cutoff selection algorithm that maximizes the agreement to a given ground truth. We first evaluate the approach on IgG glycomics data, for which the biochemical pathway is known and well-characterized. The optimal network outperforms networks obtained with statistical cutoffs and is robust with respect to sample size. Importantly, we can show that even in the case of incomplete or incorrect prior knowledge, the optimal network is close to the true optimum. We then demonstrate the generalizability of the approach on an untargeted metabolomics and a transcriptomics dataset from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). For the transcriptomics case, we demonstrate that the optimized network is superior to statistical networks in systematically retrieving interactions that were not included in the biological reference used for the optimization. Overall, this paper shows that using prior information for correlation network inference is superior to using regular statistical cutoffs, even if the prior information is incomplete or partially inaccurate.

bioinformatics↗