Biology subjects

Balezeau, F.

Publications and source records attributed to Balezeau, F..

5 recordsLinked to original sources

bioRxiv2025

A non-human primate model of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

Approximately 97% of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) have cytoplasmic mislocalization and aggregation of the ubiquitous nuclear protein, TDP-43. Current rodent models of this disease fail to replicate the progressive motor weakness and characteristic histopathology, possibly because of fundamental neuroanatomical and genetic differences between rodents and humans. In this study, the TDP-43 protein was overexpressed in the motor neuron pool of the brachioradialis muscle unilaterally in two six-year-old female rhesus macaques, using an intersectional genetics approach involving infection with genetically modified adeno-associated virus. Magnetic resonance images demonstrated delayed signal hyperintensities limited to the injected brachioradialis that persisted for 6-7 weeks, consistent with motor neuron degeneration and denervation of the targeted muscle. At post-mortem, the virus-mediated focal protein overexpression event was found to induce widespread deposits of pathological phosphorylated TDP-43 throughout the cervical spinal cord and motor cortex bilaterally, indicating an ALS-like spread of proteinopathy from the transfection site.

neuroscience↗

bioRxiv2023

AutoMacq: an automatic pipeline to analyse macaque structural MRI data

MRI scanning of rhesus macaques is a growing field due to their evolutionary proximity and similar neuroanatomy to humans. As such, there is a need for automatic macaque MRI processing pipelines. AutoMacq is a pipeline capable of processing rhesus macaque MRI data to produce both voxel-based and surface-based metrics. It involves minimal manual intervention and can be carried out without expert knowledge of macaque neuroanatomy. To test the quality of the pipeline, scans from 74 subjects across 8 different sites were processed. Results indicate that over 87% of tissue segmentations and surfaces were of satisfactory quality to not require additional manual correction. Hemispheric comparisons and analyses of scan-rescan data showed strong reliability of the volumetric and surface-based outputs. Finally, to illustrate potential applications of AutoMacq, the change in grey matter volume with ageing was investigated cross-sectionally using subjects aged 3-15 years (corresponding to adolescence until mid-adulthood). The analysis revealed a linear decrease in grey matter volume with age similar to what has been found in humans, reinforcing the value of rhesus macaques as a model of healthy human ageing.

neuroscience↗

bioRxiv2021

Optogenetic stimulation of primate V1 reveals local laminar and large-scale cortical networks related to perceptual phosphenes

Developing optogenetics in non-human primates (NHPs) is essential for translating its successful implementation in rodents to clinical applications in humans. However, information about how optogenetics influences the primate cortex remains limited. Here, we evaluate how optogenetic stimulation of the primate primary visual cortex (V1) affects local and large-scale network activation concerned with visual perception. To this end we injected an optogenetic construct (AAV9-hSyn-ChR2-eYFP) into the V1 cortex of four macaque monkeys (macaca mulatta) and measured the effects of optogenetic V1 stimulation using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), laminar electrophysiology, and behavioural assessment. In three macaques, blood-oxygen-dependent (BOLD) fMRI activity could be reliably elicited with optogenetic stimulation in V1 and several connected extrastriate brain areas, including V2/V3, motion-sensitive area MT and the frontal-eye-fields (FEF), in particular when pulsed stimulation at 40 Hz was applied. BOLD modulation was associated with consistent neural spiking activity measured in V1 of two macaques. More detailed analysis revealed strongest neuronal activation in layer 4B and infragranular layers, which tightly reflected the histological expression pattern of the optogenetic construct in V1. Driving this visual network proved sufficient to elicit a visual percept ( phosphene) in one macaque during a perceptual choice task. Taken together, our findings reveal the laminar and large-cortical activation pattern related to visual phosphene generation and emphasize the need for further improving optogenetic methods in NHPs as a step towards applications in humans.

neuroscience↗

bioRxiv2020

Common Fronto-temporal Effective Connectivity in Humans and Monkeys

Cognitive pathways supporting human language and declarative memory are thought to have uniquely evolutionarily differentiated in our species. However, cross-species comparisons are missing on site-specific effective connectivity between regions important for cognition. We harnessed a new approach using functional imaging to visualize the impact of direct electrical brain stimulation in human neurosurgery patients. Applying the same approach with macaque monkeys, we found remarkably comparable patterns of effective connectivity between auditory cortex and ventro-lateral prefrontal cortex (vlPFC) and parahippocampal cortex in both species. Moreover, in humans electrical tractography revealed rapid evoked potentials in vlPFC from stimulating auditory cortex and speech sounds drove vlPFC, consistent with prior evidence in monkeys of direct projections from auditory cortex to vocalization responsive regions in vlPFC. The results identify a common effective connectivity signature that from auditory cortex is equally direct to vlPFC and indirect to the hippocampus (via parahippocampal cortex) in human and nonhuman primates. HighlightsO_LIPrivileged human auditory to inferior frontal connectivity, linked to monkeys C_LIO_LICommon auditory to parahippocampal effective connectivity in both species C_LIO_LIGreater lateralization in human effective connectivity, more symmetrical in monkeys C_LIO_LIHuman fronto-temporal network function rooted in evolutionarily conserved signature C_LI eTOC short summaryFunctional connectivity between regions crucial for language and declarative memory is thought to have substantially differentiated in humans. Using a new technique to similarly visualize directional effective connectivity in humans and monkeys, we found remarkably comparable connectivity patterns in both species between fronto-temporal regions crucial for cognition.

neuroscience↗

bioRxiv2017

An open resource for nonhuman primate imaging

Non-human primate neuroimaging is a rapidly growing area of research that promises to transform and scale translational and cross-species comparative neuroscience.\n\nUnfortunately, the technological and methodological advances of the past two decades have outpaced the accrual of data, which is particularly challenging given the relatively few centers that have the necessary facilities and capabilities. The PRIMate Data Exchange (PRIME-DE) addresses this challenge by aggregating independently acquired non-human primate magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) datasets and openly sharing them via the International Neuroimaging Data-sharing Initiative (INDI). Here, we present the rationale, design and procedures for the PRIME-DE consortium, as well as the initial release, consisting of 13 independent data collections aggregated across 11 sites (total = 98 macaque monkeys). We also outline the unique pitfalls and challenges that should be considered in the analysis of the non-human primate MRI datasets, including providing automated quality assessment of the contributed datasets.

neuroscience↗