Biology subjects

Bakhiet, M.

Publications and source records attributed to Bakhiet, M..

4 recordsLinked to original sources

bioRxiv2021

A role for the immune system-released activating agent (ISRAA) in the ontogenetic development of brain astrocytes

The Immune System-Released Activating Agent (ISRAA) was discovered as a novel molecule that functions as a mediator between the nervous and immune systems in response to a nervous stimulus following an immune challenge. This research investigated the role of ISRAA) in promoting the ontogeny of the mouse brain astrocytes. Astrocyte cultures were prepared from two-month-old BALB/c mice. Recombinant ISRAA protein was used to stimulate astrocyte cultures. Immunohistochemistry and ELISA were utilized to measure ISRAA and IFN-{gamma} levels, IFN-{gamma}R expression and STAT1 nuclear translocation. MTT-assay was used to evaluate cellular survival and proliferation. To assess astrocyte cell lysates and tyrosine-phosphorylated proteins, SDS-PAGE and western blot were used. ISRAA was highly expressed in mouse embryonic astrocytes, depending on cell age. Astrocytes aged seven days (E7) showed increased proliferation and diminished differentiation, while 21-day-old (E21) astrocytes depicted reversed effects. ISRAA stimulated the tyrosine phosphorylation of numerous cellular proteins and the nuclear translocation of STAT1. IFN-{gamma} was involved in the ISRAA action as ISRAA induced IFN-{gamma} in both age groups, but only E21 astrocytes expressed IFN-{gamma}R. The results suggest that ISRAA is involved in mouse brain development through the cytokine network involving IFN-{gamma}.

neuroscience↗

bioRxiv2019

Population genetic analysis of 12 X-STRs in a Bahraini population sample

To date, there are very limited genetic studies conducted on the Kingdom of Bahrain and this is one of the first studies conducted to evaluate the 12 X-STRs included in the Investigator X-12 QS kit. Bahrain is a small archipelago located in the Arabian Gulf. X-STRs are very informative in population genetics studies, human identification and complex kinship analysis. One hundred and fifty-six (156) buccal swabs were collected using cotton from non-relatives Bahraini males from four different regions of Bahrain. DNA was processed using QIAsymphony SP instrument following quantification with Investigator Quantiplex HYres Kit in the 7500 Real-Time PCR System and detected in ABI 3500xl Genetic Analyzer. Analysis was done using different statistical softwares to obtain allele frequencies and haplotype frequencies-based upon the available four clusters of Linkage Groups (LGs)- and the forensic parameters.. Results indicated the diversity of the Bahraini population in terms of high Power of Discrimination (PD) and Probability of Match (PM) values obtained. The combined values of each forensic parameter such as cPDM, Mean exclusion chance (CMEC) Kruger, CMEC Kishida, and CMEC Desmarais as well as CMEC Desmarais Duo, were 0.9999983, 9999979, 0.9999939, 0.9999996 and 0.9999514 respectively based on the allele and haplotype frequencies. No shared profiles were observed. Number of non-standard alleles and null samples were obtained with more profoundly in locus DXS10148. We have conducted phylogenetic tree as well as multidimensional scale to analyze the Interpopulation diversity between Bahraini population and nine other populations and found out they reflect the geographical and social background of the region. Overall, the results confirm the importance of X-STRs in discriminating between individuals among Bahraini population and in establishing DNA databases for forensic and kinship studies.

genetics↗

bioRxiv2019

Genetic Variation At 27 Y-STRs In Four Regions Of Bahrain

Bahrain location in the Arabian Gulf contributed to the diversity of its indigenous population descended from Christian Arabs, Persians (Zoroastrians), Jews, and Aramaic-speaking agriculturalists. The aim of this study was to examine population substructure within Bahrain using the 27 Y-STRs (short tandem repeats) in the Yfiler Plus kit and to characterize the haplotypes of 562 unrelated Bahraini nationals, sub-divided into the four geographical regions - North, Capital, South and Muharraq. Yfiler Plus provided a significant improvement over the earlier 17-locus Yfiler kit in discrimination capacity, increasing it from 77% to 87.5%, but this value differed widely between regions from 98.4% in Muharraq to 75.2% in the Northern region, an unusually low value possibly as a consequence of the very rapid expansion in population size in the last 80 years. Clusters of closely related male lineages were seen, with only 79.4% of donors displaying unique haplotypes and 59% of instances of shared haplotypes occurring within, rather than between, regions. Haplogroup prediction indicated diverse origins of the population with a predominance of haplogroups J2 and J1, both typical of the Arabian Peninsula, but also haplogroups such as B2 and E1b1a originating in Africa and H, L and R2 indicative of migration from the east. Haplogroup frequencies differed significantly between regions with J2 significantly more common in the Northern region compared with the Southern possibly as a result of differential settlement with Baharna (descended from populations in which J2 predominates) and Arabs (both indigenous and migrant Huwala who are expected to have a higher frequency of J1). Our study illustrated the importance of encompassing geographical and social variation when constructing population databases and the need for highly discriminating multiplexes where rapid expansions have occurred within tightly bounded populations.

genetics↗

bioRxiv2019

Population genetic data of the 21 autosomal STRs included in GlobalFilerTM kit of a population sample from the Kingdom of Bahrain

IntroductionBahrains population consists mainly of Arabs, Baharna and Persians leading Bahrain to become ethnically diverse. The exploration of the ethnic origin and genetic structure within the Bahraini population is fundamental mainly in the field of population genetics and forensic science. AimThe purpose of the study was to investigate and conduct genetic studies in the population of Bahrain to assist in the interpretation of DNA-based forensic evidence and in the construction of appropriate databases. Materials and Methods24 short-tandem repeats in the GlobalFiler PCR Amplification kit including 21 autosomal STR loci and three gender determination loci were amplified to characterize different genetic and forensic population parameters in a cohort of 543 Bahraini unrelated healthy men. Samples were collected during the year 2017. ResultsThe genotyping of the 21 autosomal STRs showed that most loci were in Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium (HWE) except for three markers; D3S1358, D19S433 and D5S818 which showed deviation from HWE. We also found out no significant deviations from LD between pairwise STR loci in Bahraini population except when plotting for D3S1358-CSF1PO, CSF1PO-SE33, D19S433-D12S391, FGA-D2S1338, FGA-SE33, FGA-D7S820 and D7S820-SE33. The SE33 locus was the most polymorphic for the studied population and THO1 locus was the less polymorphic. The Allele 8 in TPOX scored the highest allele frequency of 0.496. The SE33 locus showed the highest power of discrimination (PD) in Bahraini population, whereas TPOX showed the lowest PD value. The 21 autosomal STRs showed a value of combined match probability (CMP) equal to 4.5633E-27, and a combined power of discrimination (CPD) of 99.99999999%. Off-ladders and tri-allelic variants were observed in various samples at D12S391, SE33 and D22S1045 loci. ConclusionOur study indicated that the twenty-one autosomal STRs are highly polymorphic in the Bahraini population and can be used as a powerful tool in forensics and population genetic analyses including paternity testing and familial DNA searching. Author SummaryKingdom of Bahrain is a country of 33 islands located in the Arabian Peninsula. The location of Bahrain had affected the diversity of its population, which is mainly divided into four main ethnic groups: Arabs, Baharna and Persians. Genetic studies on Bahraini population are very limited and little has been done to characterize population structure within Kingdom of Bahrain. Here, we used 21 autosomal STRs included in the GlobalFiler Amplification Kit to amplify DNA from 543 non-related males from Bahraini population. We conducted statistical analysis using two main different software such as STRAF and GenAlEx. Different forensic and population parameters were obtained to characterize Bahraini population. Some of the significant results obtained were the following: most of the loci were in Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium, the most polymorphic and informative marker was SE33. Allele 8 in TPOX presented the highest allele frequency for the studied population. We also found out some of the rare variants which were recorded in STRbase website. Bahraini population was correspondingly compared to the genetic structure of the region. Our study indicated the usefulness of the 21 autosomal STRs in the GlobalFiler in establishing databases, analyzing paternity and reviewing DNA-based evidences.

genetics↗