Search bioRxiv⌕ Search

Biology subjects

Austin, C. A.

Publications and source records attributed to Austin, C. A..

2 recordsLinked to original sources

Analysis of Gene Expression Changes upon Topobexin Treatment and TOP2B-knockout in hiPSC derived cardiomyocytes

The role of DNA topoisomerase II beta (TOP2B) in cardiomyocyte differentiation is poorly understood. To address this, Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC) were differentiated into cardiomyocytes (CM) that are wildtype or contain a genomic deletion of Topoisomerase 2B (BKO). Both WT and BKO hiPSC could be induced to differentiate into sheets of beating cardiomyocytes. BKO hiPSC take slightly longer to differentiate into sheets of beating CM than WT iPSC. RNA was prepared from both undifferentiated and differentiated WT and BKO hiPSC. RNA seq was used to examine gene expression changes when the WT and BKO hiPSC were differentiated into CM. Gene expression changes following differentiation of BKO cells were largely similar to those in WT cells. In addition, the differentiated WT CM were treated with dexrazoxane (ICRF-187), a TOP2 catalytic inhibitor that targets both TOP2A and TOP2B, or topobexin, a new TOP2B selective catalytic inhibitor. Topobexin inhibition partially phenocopied a TOP2B deletion and thus providing an alternative to TOP2B gene knockout in many cell lines. In future, hiPSC derived CM with and without TOP2B and inhibition by topobexin ex vivo CM could be used to study anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity and to screen for cardioprotectants. HighlightsO_LIUsed CRISPR-Cas9 to delete TOP2B from hiPSC C_LIO_LIProduced beating cardiomyocytes from both WT and TOP2B null hiPSC C_LIO_LITranscriptome analysis of WT and TOP2B null hiPSC and derived cardiomyocytes C_LIO_LIRNA seq showed he specific TOP2B inhibitor topobexin largely phenocopies TOP2B gene inactivation in iPSC derived cardiomyocytes. C_LIO_LITopobexin inhibition could be used as an alternative to a TOP2B gene knockout in many different cell types, speeding up the analysis of the function of TOP2B. C_LI

molecular biology↗

KDM4-dependent DNA breaks at active promoters facilitate +1 nucleosome eviction

When the effect of various posttranslational histone tail modifications (PTMs) on nucleosome stability was compared in an in situ assay involving agarose-embedded nuclei, the promoter proximal H3K4me3, H3K27ac and H4K8ac positive nucleosomes exhibited relative sensitivity to intercalators as compared to bulk H3-GFP or nucleosomes carrying any of the following marks: H3K27me1, H3K27me2, H3K27me3, H3K9me1, H3K9me2, H3K9me3, H3K36me3, H3K4me0, H3K4me1, H3K4me2, H3K9ac, and H3K14ac. Nickase or DNase I treatment of the nuclei, or bleomycin treatment of live cells, did not affect the stability of nucleosomes carrying H3K4me3 or H3K27ac, while those of the second group were all destabilized upon treatment with intercalators. These observations support the possibility that the promoter proximal marks specify dynamic nucleosomes accomodating relaxed DNA sequences due to DNA breaks generated in vivo. In line with this interpretation, endogeneous, 3OH nicks were mapped within the nucleosome free region of promoters controlling genes active in human mononuclear cells, a conclusion supported by superresolution colocalization studies. The +1 nucleosomes were stabilized and the incidence of nicks was decreased at the promoters upon KDM4a,b,c KO induction (Pedersen et al, EMBO J, 2016) in mouse embryonic stem cells (mES). While etoposide did not further destabilize +1 nucleosomes in control mES, their stabilized state in the KO state was reversed by the drug. A significant fraction of the DNA breaks comprises TOP2-generated nicks according to the results of molecular combing experiments. The chromatin regions harboring nicks are topologicaly separated from the domains containing superhelical chromatin. These observations lend support for a model where the role of DNA strand discontinuities in transcriptional regulation and in higher-order chromatin organization are integrated.

genetics↗