Myosin-19 and Miro regulate mitochondria-endoplasmatic reticulum contacts and mitochondria inner membrane architecture
Mitochondrial dynamics is important for cellular health and includes morphology, fusion, fission, vesicle formation, transport and contact formation with other organelles. Myosin XIX (Myo19) is an actin-based motor which competes with TRAK1/2 adaptors of microtubule-based motors for binding to the outer mitochondrial membrane receptors Mitochondrial Rho GTPases 1/2 (Miro). Currently, it is poorly understood how Myo19 contributes to mitochondrial dynamics. Here, we report on a Myo19-deficient mouse model and the ultrastructure of the mitochondria from cells of Myo19-deficient mice and HEK cells, Miro-deficient HEK cells and TRAK1-deficient HAP1 cells. Myo19-deficient mitochondria in kidney, skeletal and cardiac muscle cells, MEFs and HEK cells have morphological alterations in the inner mitochondrial membrane with reduced numbers of malformed cristae. In addition, mitochondria in Myo19-deficient cells showed fewer ER-mitochondria contact sites (ERMCS). In accordance with the ultrastructural observations, Myo19-deficient MEFs had lower oxygen consumption rates and a reduced abundance of OXPHOS supercomplexes. The simultaneous loss of Miro1 and Miro 2 led to a comparable mitochondria phenotype and reduced ERMCS as observed upon loss of Myo19. However, the loss of TRAK1 caused only a reduction in the number of cristae, but not ERMCS. These results demonstrate that both actin- and microtubule-based motors regulate cristae formation, but only Myo19 and its membrane receptor Miro regulate ERMCS.