Biology subjects

Aschenbrenner, D.

Publications and source records attributed to Aschenbrenner, D..

4 recordsLinked to original sources

bioRxiv2025

Exercise-Induced Myostimulin Enhances Muscle Function in Health and Disease

Musculoskeletal diseases are a leading contributor to years lived with disability worldwide1,2. While exercise offers significant benefits for people with these conditions, many individuals do not engage in adequate physical activity3. Consequently, there is growing interest in pharmacological interventions that can emulate essential health-promoting effects of exercise4,5. By integrating transcriptomics data of exercised skeletal muscle, we identified C1orf54/C1ORF54 as a novel exercise-responsive gene in mice and humans. We demonstrate that removal of the first sixteen N-terminal amino acids of C1ORF54 gives rise to a previously uncharacterized protein that stimulates the proliferation of muscle precursor cells and which we named myostimulin. Intriguingly, repeated intermittent treatment of mice with recombinant myostimulin boosts maximal isometric strength in mice within a week. Moreover, we have engineered a variant with improved biophysical properties, increased biological activity in vitro and enhanced efficacy in vivo. This variant even accelerates the recovery of muscle strength from axonotmesis, a condition associated with pronounced muscle weakness. Our data ascribe to myostimulin a role for enhancing the regenerative capacity of skeletal muscle and mediating functional adaptations characteristic of sustained resistance training. Therefore, myostimulin could be an innovative, fast acting therapeutic for certain human musculoskeletal diseases, injuries and other disorders that improve with exercise.

physiology↗

bioRxiv2023

A longitudinal single-cell therapeutic atlas of anti-tumour necrosis factor treatment in inflammatory bowel disease

Precision medicine in immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs) requires an understanding of how cellular networks change following therapy. We describe a therapeutic atlas for Crohns disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) following anti-tumour necrosis factor (TNF) therapy. We generated ~1 million single-cell transcriptomes, organised into 109 cell states, from 216 gut biopsies from 38 patients and three controls, revealing disease- and therapy-specific differences. A systems-biology analysis identified distinct spatially-resolved cellular microenvironments: granuloma signatures in CD and interferon (IFN)-response signatures localising to T-cell aggregates and epithelial damage in CD and UC. Longitudinal comparisons demonstrated that disease progression in non-responders associated with myeloid and stromal cell perturbations in CD and increased multi-cellular IFN signalling in UC. IFN signalling was also observed in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) synovium with a lymphoid pathotype. Our therapeutic atlas informs drug positioning across IMIDs, and suggests a rationale for the use of janus kinase (JAK) inhibition following anti-TNF resistance.

immunology↗

bioRxiv2019

Systems-level analysis of monocyte responses in inflammatory bowel disease identifies IL-10 and IL-1 cytokine networks that regulate IL-23

BACKGROUND & AIMSDysregulated immune responses are the cause of inflammatory bowel diseases. Studies in both mice and humans suggest a central role of IL-23 producing mononuclear phagocytes in disease pathogenesis. Mechanistic insights into the regulation of IL-23 are prerequisite for select IL-23 targeting therapies as part of personalized medicine. METHODSWe performed transcriptomic analysis to investigate IL-23 expression in human mononuclear phagocytes and peripheral blood mononuclear cells. We investigated the regulation of IL-23 expression and used single-cell RNA-sequencing to derive a transcriptomic signature of hyper-inflammatory monocytes. Using gene network correlation analysis, we deconvolve this signature into components associated with homeostasis and inflammation in patient biopsy samples. RESULTSWe characterized monocyte subsets of healthy individuals and patients with inflammatory bowel disease that express IL-23. We identified auto- and paracrine sensing of IL-1/IL-1{beta} and IL-10 as key cytokines that control IL-23-producing monocytes. Whereas Mendelian genetic defects in IL-10 receptor signalling induced IL-23 secretion, uptake of whole bacteria induced IL-23 production via acquired IL-10 signalling resistance. We found a transcriptional signature of IL-23-producing inflammatory monocytes that predicted both disease and resistance to anti-TNF therapy and differentiated that from an IL-23-associated lymphocyte differentiation signature that was present in homeostasis and in disease. CONCLUSIONOur work identifies IL-10 and IL-1 as critical regulators of monocyte IL-23 production. We differentiate homeostatic IL-23 production from hyper-inflammation-associated IL-23 production in patients with severe ulcerating active Crohns disease and anti-TNF treatment non-responsiveness. Altogether, we identify subgroups of patients with inflammatory bowel disease that might benefit from IL-23p19 and/or IL-1/IL-1{beta}-targeting therapies upstream of IL-23. O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=198 SRC="FIGDIR/small/719492v2_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1"> View larger version (47K): org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@16598faorg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@11e5116org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@15d831borg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@4a697e_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP M_FIG C_FIG

immunology↗

bioRxiv2019

Simultaneous mRNA and protein quantification at the single-cell level delineates trajectories of CD4+ T-cell differentiation

The transcriptomic and proteomic characterisation of CD4+ T cells at the single-cell level has been performed traditionally by two largely exclusive types of technologies: single cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) technologies and antibody-based cytometry. Here we demonstrate that the simultaneous targeted quantification of mRNA and protein expression in single-cells provides a high-resolution map of human primary CD4+ T cells, and identified precise trajectories of Th1, Th17 and regulatory T-cell (Treg) differentiation in blood and tissue. Furthermore, the sensitivity provided by this massively-parallel multi-omics approach revealed novel insight into the mechanism of expression of CD80 and CD86 on the surface of activated CD4+ Tregs and demonstrate their potential to identify recently activated T cells in circulation. This transcriptomic and proteomic hybrid technology provides a cost-effective solution to dissect the heterogeneity of immune cell populations, including more precise and detailed descriptions of the differentiation and activation of circulating and tissue-resident cells in response to therapies and in stratification of patients.

immunology↗