Intermediate CA1 is Required for Object-in-Place Recognition Memory in Mice
Many behaviors that are essential for survival, such as retrieving food, finding shelter and locating predator cues, rely on forming effective associations between the identity and location of spatial elements. This identity-location association is commonly assessed in rodents using spontaneous object-in-place (OiP) recognition memory tasks. OiP recognition memory deficits are seen in autism spectrum disorder, schizophrenia, and are used to detect early onset of Alzheimers disease. These deficits are replicated in animal models of neurodevelopmental, neurodegenerative and chromosomal disorders. Mouse models have been widely adopted in behavioral and systems neuroscience research for their ease of genetic manipulations, and yet very few studies have successfully assessed OiP recognition memory or its neural correlates in mice. To address this limitation, we first established that adult C57/129J and C57BL/6J male and female mice are able to successfully perform the two-object, but not the four-object version of the spontaneous OiP recognition task, with retention intervals of five minutes and one hour. Next, using chemogenetic inhibition, we found that two-object OiP requires the activity of the intermediate CA1 (iCA1) subregion of the hippocampus, but not the medial prefrontal cortex or iCA1-medial prefrontal cortex connections. Our data identify hippocampal subregion specialization in the successful assessment of OiP recognition memory in mice, expanding our understanding of the neural basis of spatial memory processing. Significance StatementAssociations between the identity and location of spatial elements (what-where associations), underlie essential behaviours such as finding food, locating shelter and safely navigating the environment. Deficits in identity-location processing occur in patients with neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders, and are replicated in rodent models using object-in-place (OiP) recognition tasks. While mice have emerged as a widely used animal model to study the biological mechanisms underlying these disorders, nothing is known about the neural substrates of OiP memory in mice. Here we have established and validated a robust experimental paradigm to assess OiP memory in mice, uncovering a specialized contribution of the hippocampal subregion intermediate CA1 to OiP performance and deepening our understanding of the neural signatures of spatial memory processing.