Biology subjects

Angela George

Publications and source records attributed to Angela George.

3 recordsLinked to original sources

bioRxiv2016

A discrete event simulation to evaluate the cost effectiveness of germline BRCA1 and BRCA2 testing in UK women with ovarian cancer

ObjectivesThe objective of this study was to evaluate the long-term cost-effectiveness of germline BRCA1 and BRCA2 (collectively termed BRCA) testing in women with epithelial ovarian cancer, and testing for the relevant mutation in first and second degree relatives of BRCA mutation-positive individuals, compared with no testing. Female BRCA mutation-positive relatives of ovarian cancer patients could undergo risk-reducing mastectomy and/or bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy.\n\nMethodsA discrete event simulation model was developed that included the risks of breast and ovarian cancer, the costs, utilities and effects of risk-reducing surgery on cancer rates, and the costs, utilities and mortality rates associated with cancer.\n\nResultsBRCA testing all women with epithelial ovarian cancer each year is cost-effective at a UK willingness-to-pay threshold of {pound}20,000/QALY compared with no testing, with an ICER of {pound}4,339/QALY. The result was primarily driven by fewer cases of breast (142) and ovarian (141) cancer and associated reductions in mortality (77 fewer deaths) in relatives over the subsequent 50 years. Sensitivity analyses showed that the results were robust to variations in the input parameters. Probabilistic sensitivity analysis showed that the probability of germline BRCA mutation testing being cost-effective at a threshold of {pound}20,000/QALY was 99.9%.\n\nConclusionsImplementing germline BRCA testing in all ovarian cancer patients would be cost-effective in the UK. The consequent reduction of future cases of breast and ovarian cancer in relatives of mutation-positive individuals would ease the burden of cancer treatments in subsequent years and result in significantly better outcomes and reduced mortality rates for these individuals.

Genetics↗

bioRxiv2016

Implementing rapid, robust, cost-effective, patient-centred, routine genetic testing in ovarian cancer patients

BackgroundAdvances in DNA sequencing have made gene testing fast and affordable, but adaptation of clinical services to capitalise on this for patient benefit has been slow. Ovarian cancer exemplifies limitations of current systems and potential benefits of increased gene testing. Approximately 15% of ovarian cancer patients have a germline mutation in BRCA1 or BRCA2 (collectively termed BRCA) and this has substantial implications for their personal management and that of their relatives. However, in most countries implementation of BRCA testing in ovarian cancer has been inconsistent and largely unsuccessful.\n\nMethodsWe developed a mainstream pathway in which BRCA testing was undertaken by cancer team members after 30 minutes online training. Patients with a mutation were sent a genetic appointment with their results. Cascade testing to relatives was performed via standard clinical genetic procedures.\n\nFindings207 women with ovarian cancer were offered gene testing through the mainstream pathway and all accepted. 33 (16%) had a BRCA mutation. The result informed management of 79% (121/154) women with active disease including 97% (32/33) women with a mutation. All mutation-positive women and ~3.5 relatives per family have been seen in genetics. Patient and clinician feedback was very positive. >95% found the pathway to be simple and effective. The pathway offers considerable reduction in time (~5-fold) and resource requirements (~13-fold) compared to the traditional genetic pathway. We estimate it would deliver {pound}2.6M NHS cost savings per year, and would allow implementation of national testing recommendations with existing infrastructure.\n\nInterpretationMainstream genetic testing is effective, efficient and patient-centred and offers a mechanism for large-scale implementation of BRCA gene testing in cancer patients. The principles could be applied in many other countries and to many other areas of genomic medicine.

Genetics↗

bioRxiv2015

A cost analysis of a cancer genetic service model in the UK

BackgroundTechnological advances in DNA sequencing have made gene testing fast and more affordable. Evidence of cost-effectiveness of genetic service models is essential for successful translation, but remain sparse in the literature. In particular there is a lack of cost data related to genetic services.\n\nMethodsA detailed micro-costing of 28 pathways relating to breast and/or ovarian cancer and gene testing for the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes (termed BRCA testing) was carried out. These data were combined with patient-level data from a Royal Marsden Cancer Genetics Service audit during which BRCA testing was offered to individuals at [≥]10% risk of having a mutation.\n\nResultsThe average cost across all pathways was {pound}2,222.68 (range {pound}376.47-{pound}13,531.24). The average pathway cost for a person with cancer was {pound}1897.71 compared to {pound}2,403.22 for a person without cancer. Of the women seen during audit period, 38% were affected with breast and/or ovarian cancer and 62% were unaffected but concerned about their family history.\n\nConclusionThere is considerable variation in the costs of different gene testing pathways. Improved cost-efficiency could be achieved by increasing the proportion of cancer patients tested, because the pathway cost of an unaffected individual in whom testing has already been performed in a relative with cancer is considerably less.\n\nAcknowledgementsWe acknowledge NHS funding to the Royal Marsden/ICR NIHR Specialist Biomedical Research Centre for Cancer. SW is supported by funding through the NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre. This work was supported by Wellcome Trust Award 098518/Z/12/Z. For MCG programme see www.mcgprogramme.com.\n\nConflict of Interest StatementThere are no conflicts of interests for any author of this paper

Genetics↗