Biology subjects

Aly, S.

Publications and source records attributed to Aly, S..

4 recordsLinked to original sources

bioRxiv2023

Assessment of antimicrobial activity of insects products and nests used in traditional medicine in Burkina Faso.

In Burkina Faso, products and insect nests are used for therapeutic purposes in traditional medicine. However, this use by local populations is marginal and empirical. Our study aimed at evaluating the antimicrobial activity of insect products and their nests. For this purpose, the collected insect products and nests were finely ground. Hydroethanolic extraction of bioactive molecules with potential antibacterial activity was performed according to standard methods. The solid medium diffusion method was used to test the antibacterial activity of hydroethanolic extracts of honey bee, bee wax, propolis, and termite nests against 22 pathogenic strains by inhibition diameter. Imipenem was used as a positive control. The extraction yields varied from 7.33% to 35.38% depending on the content of soluble matter. All products extracts and insect nests tested showed inhibitory activities. The inhibition diameters varied depending on the extract and strain tested. The largest diameter of inhibition (26{+/-}0.0 mm) was obtained using the nest extract of Macrotermes bellicosus against Salmonella Typhimurium ATCC14028. The lowest diameter of inhibition was 07{+/-}0.0 mm obtained with honey extract against Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC27853. Index multi-resistance of the extracts tested were between 0.2 and 0.6. Interestingly, the inhibition diameters of certain products and nest extracts of insects were sometimes greater than those of imipenem against the strains tested. This study revealed the antimicrobial potential of termite nest extracts and hive products against pathogens.

microbiology↗

bioRxiv2020

Dynamic Changes in Fecal Bacterial Microbiota of Dairy Cattle across the Production Line

Bacteria play important roles in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of dairy cattle as the communities are responsible for host health, growth and production performance. However, a systematic characterization and comparison of microbial communities in the GIT of cattle housed in different management units on a modern dairy are still lacking. In this study, we used 16S rRNA sequencing to evaluate the fecal bacterial communities of 90 dairy cattle raised and housed in 12 clearly defined management units on a modern dairy farm. We found that -diversity differed between several pairs of management units, especially between the hutch calves (management unit 1) and the other units except post weaned heifers (management unit 2). Although {beta}-diversity revealed that most of the samples did not cluster according to their management unit membership except management unit 1, in which the samples grouped and separated from others, we observed three major clusters. Besides the hutch calves (management unit 1), most samples from the other 11 units formed two distinct clusters and the relative abundance of Patescibacteria might be the reason for the separation. Moreover, we identified 212 amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) with relative abundances > 0.1% in more than 10% of the total samples that had significantly different abundances in these units. Furthermore, we found that, as the calves aged, 19 ASVs that were exclusively detected in unit 1, gradually degraded and never reoccurred in other management units. Lastly, we recognized 181 pairs of interactions between 61 ASVs with possibly strong synergistic or antagonistic relationships. These results suggest the enteric microbial communities of dairy cattle housed in different management units are quite dynamic. IMPORTANCEBacterial communities of GIT are crucial for ruminants, such as dairy cattle since they contribute to not only the cattles physiology and health but also milk production and food safety that are closely related to human health. Both scientifically and agriculturally, it is necessary to have deep insights into the composition and changes of the bacteria on modern dairy farms. In this study, we provided the profiles of fecal bacterial communities of dairy cattle in each management unit on a modern dairy and described how the enteric microbial communities changed across these management units. The findings have implications for improving animal health, dairy production, farm management, and food safety.

microbiology↗

bioRxiv2018

Molecular detection of virulence and resistance genes in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi and Paratyphi A, B and C isolated from human diarrhea samples and lettuce in Burkina Faso.

ObjectivesIn Burkina Faso (BF), dirty water, in particular those of the stoppings and the gutter are used for irrigation of vegetables. The aim of this study is to contribute to the knowledge on the molecular level of Salmonella Typhi and Paratyphi circulating in the hospitals and environment next to hospitals in BF.\n\nMethodsSalmonella Typhi and Paratyphi strains isolated from patients between 2009 to 2015 and lettuce samples isolated in 2014 in BF were characterized by simple PCR using specific primers.\n\nResultsOut of 100 Salmonella isolated, 53% were from human and 47% from lettuce samples. Globally, the highest prevalence was observed with invA, misL, pipD, orfL and spvR genes in 97%, 96%; 74%; and 21%. Forty of these isolates carried class 1 integron, 31 from clinical samples and 9 from lettuce samples. Sequencing showed seven different gene cassette arrangements, with aadA1 in 13/15 strains, aadA7 and aac(3)-Id in 2/15 strains. Eight percent (8/100) of Salmonella harbored gyrB and parE genes with 6 from clinical and 2 from lettuce isolates. Sequencing showed no mutation in these genes. Three distinct PFGE types were observed from clinical samples with 90-95% similarity in each case. All Salmonella from lettuce had similar pulsotypes.\n\nConclusionThis study showed the diversity virulence and resistance genes harbored of S. Typhi and Paratyphi from both clinical and lettuce samples in BF. Lettuce is a potential source of transmission of Salmonella causing diarrhea among human in BF.

microbiology↗

bioRxiv2018

Gut microbiota density influences host physiology and is shaped by host and microbial factors

To identify factors that regulate gut microbiota density and the impact of varied microbiota density on health, we assayed this fundamental ecosystem property in fecal samples across mammals, human disease, and therapeutic interventions. Physiologic features of the host (carrying capacity) and the fitness of the gut microbiota shape microbiota density. Therapeutic manipulation of microbiota density in mice altered host metabolic and immune homeostasis. In humans, gut microbiota density was reduced in Crohns disease, ulcerative colitis, and ileal pouch-anal anastomosis. The gut microbiota in recurrent Clostridium difficile infection had lower density and reduced fitness that were restored by fecal microbiota transplantation. Understanding the interplay between microbiota and disease in terms of microbiota density, host carrying capacity, and microbiota fitness provide new insights into microbiome structure and microbiome targeted therapeutics.

microbiology↗