Biology subjects

Altayb, H. N.

Publications and source records attributed to Altayb, H. N..

3 recordsLinked to original sources

bioRxiv2020

Contamination of Currency Notes with Kanamycin Resistant Shigella flexneri

Shigella flexneri is the main causative agent of shigellosis commonly distributed in developing countries with high morbidity and mortality rates. This study aimed to examine the presence of Shigella species in Sudanese currency notes using both traditional and molecular techniques. One hundred thirty five currency notes were collected and their contaminants were isolated and identified conventionally and genetically using 16S rRNA gene amplification and sequencing. Eight isolates were identified as Shigella species in different notes, and 3 of them were resistant to penicillin, kanamycin and nitrofurantoin. One S. flexneri isolate has insertion mutation of guanine nucleotide at position 730 of lifes essential gene 16S rRNA which known evolutionarily to be stable gene. Banknotes are highly circulating items and therefore, appropriate measures such as regular replacement of the dirty notes with new papers are necessary to protect peoples from being infected with drug resistant pathogens.

microbiology↗

bioRxiv2019

Molecular Phylogenetic Analysis of 16S rRNA Sequences Identified Two lineages of H. pylori Strains Detected from Different Regions in Sudan Suggestive of Differential Evolution

BackgroundH. pylori is ubiquitous among humans, and one of the best studied examples of an intimate association between bacteria and humans. Under several diverse socio-demographic factors in Sudan, a continuous increase in the prevalence rate of H. pylori infection has been noticed which represents a major public health challenge. In this study, we analyzed the molecular evolution of H. pylori Strains detected from different ethnic and regions of Sudan using 16S rRNA gene and phylogenetic approach. Materials and methodsA total of 75 gastric biopsies taken from patients who had been referred for endoscopy from different regions of Sudan. The DNA extraction was done by using the guanidine chloride method. Two sets of primers (universal and specific for H. pylori) were used to amplify the 16S ribosomal gene. Sanger sequencing was performed; then Blast these sequences with those available in the NCBI nucleotide database. The evolutionary aspects were analyzed using a MEGA7 software. ResultMolecular detection of H. pylori has shown that 28 (37.33%) of patients were positive for H. pylori. Bivariate analysis has found no significant differences exhibited across sociodemographic, endoscopy series and H. pylori infection. Nucleotide variations were found at five nucleotide positions (positions 219, 305, 578, 741 and 763-764) and one insertion mutation (750_InsC_751) was present in sixty-seven percent (7/12) of our strains. The phylogenetic tree diverged into two lineages. ConclusionThe phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA sequences identified two lineages of H. pylori strains detected from different regions in Sudan. Sex mutations were detected in regions of the 16S rRNA not closely associated with either tetracycline or tRNA binding sites. 66.67% of them were located in the central domain of 16S rRNA. Studying the effect of these mutations on the functions of 16S rRNA molecules in protein synthesis and antibiotic resistance is of great importance.

microbiology↗

bioRxiv2018

Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance Among Gram Negative Bacterial Isolates from Patients in Khartoum State Hospitals

BackgroundAntimicrobial resistance (AMR) among Gram-negative bacilli is a global health problem. Surveillance of AMR is required to advise on empirical antimicrobial therapy. This study aimed at evaluating the frequency and the AMR patterns of Gram-negative isolates from patients treated in eight hospitals in Khartoum State, Sudan.\n\nMethodsA cross-sectional laboratory based study was conducted over six months period at the microbiology department, Soba University Hospital, Khartoum State, Sudan. All Gram-negative isolates from blood, urine, wound, and sputum during the period of study were included.\n\nResultsA total of 734 Gram-negative bacilli were isolated. Klebsiella spp. 249 (34%) was the most frequently encountered one, followed by Pseudomonas spp. 153(21%), E.coli 123(17%), Acinetobacter spp. 75 (10%), Burkholderia cepacia 42(6%), Proteus spp. 28(4%) Enterobacter spp. 28(4%), Stenotrophomonas maltophilia 21(2.8%), and others gram-negative bacilli 15(2.2%) The analysis of the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns showed that 134 (22.3%) isolates were multidrug resistant to three or more classes of antibiotics including cephalosporins, {beta}-lactam-{beta}-lactamase inhibitor group, quinolones, aminoglycosides and carbapenems.\n\nConclusionThis high level of resistance among Gram-negative bacilli in Khartoum state hospitals is alarming. The local health authorities are prompted to step up infection control program and introduce the concept of antimicrobial stewardship in Khartoum State hospitals.

microbiology↗