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Biology subjects

Alcorn, H.

Publications and source records attributed to Alcorn, H..

2 recordsLinked to original sources

A potent and selective TNKS2 inhibitor for tumor-selective WNT suppression

Hyperactive WNT signaling is a potent cancer driver, but clinical translation of WNT inhibitors has been hampered by on-target toxicities. WNT signaling can be constrained through inhibition of the PARP family enzymes Tankyrase 1 (TNKS1) and Tankyrase 2 (TNKS2), however, existing TNKS inhibitors suppress WNT signaling in both tumor and healthy tissues. In this study, we show that the loss of chromosome 8p that occurs in approximately half of advanced epithelial malignancies, creates a collateral vulnerability that enables tumor-selective inhibition of Tankyrase activity. 8p loss depletes expression of TNKS1 and creates a tumor-specific dependency on the functionally redundant TNKS2 protein. Through structure-guided drug design, we identify a first-in-class TNKS2-selective inhibitor that can drive selective WNT inhibition in TNKS1-deficient oncogenic cell and organoid models. This work demonstrates a targetable vulnerability in multiple cancer types, providing a new approach to potent and selective WNT-targeted therapies.

cancer biology↗

A hypomorphic mutation in Pold1 disrupts the coordination of embryo size expansion and morphogenesis during gastrulation

Formation of a properly sized and patterned embryo during gastrulation requires a well-coordinated interplay between cell proliferation, lineage specification and tissue morphogenesis. Following transient physical or pharmacological manipulations, pre-gastrulation stage mouse embryos show remarkable plasticity to recover and resume normal development. However, it remains unclear how mechanisms driving lineage specification and morphogenesis respond to defects in cell proliferation during and after gastrulation. Null mutations in DNA replication or cell-cycle related genes frequently lead to cell cycle arrest and reduced cell proliferation, resulting in developmental arrest before the onset of gastrulation; such early lethality precludes studies aiming to determine the impact of cell proliferation on lineage specification and morphogenesis during gastrulation. From an unbiased ENU mutagenesis screen, we discovered a mouse mutant, tiny siren (tyrn), that carries a hypomorphic mutation producing an aspartate to tyrosine (D939Y) substitution in Pold1, the catalytic subunit of DNA polymerase {delta}. Impaired cell proliferation in the tyrn mutant leaves anterior-posterior patterning unperturbed during gastrulation but results in an overall reduction in embryo size and in severe morphogenetic defects. Our analyses show that the successful execution of morphogenetic events during gastrulation requires that lineage specification and the ordered production of differentiated cell types occur in concordance with embryonic growth. Summary statementPold1 hypomorphic mutation caused reduced size and abnormal morphology of gastrulating mouse embryos, supporting the importance of coordinated embryo size, lineage specification and tissue morphogenesis for normal embryogenesis.

developmental biology↗