Alba, J. M. | Search bioRxiv

bioRxiv2025

Early seed priming with closely related Bacillus strains induces divergent physiological and defense responses in melon

Early microbial seed priming is a promising strategy to improve crop resilience, yet it remains unclear whether plants can discriminate among closely related beneficial strains and integrate dose-dependent microbial cues. We primed melon (Cucumis melo) seeds with two phylogenetically similar Bacillus strains (B. subtilis NCIB3610 and B. velezensis FZB42) and combined transcriptomic, metabolomic and physiological analyses across development. Despite comparable colonization, the strains provoked contrasting host programs and distinct dose responses. B. subtilis promoted radicle elongation, chloroplastic starch storage and drought tolerance irrespective of inoculum level, together with L-tryptophan and palatinose accumulation. By contrast, B. velezensis displayed a clear dose effect: low inoculum sustained normal radicle growth, whereas high inoculum transiently repressed it, coinciding with retrotransposon activation, suppression of AOS and proteasome genes, and enrichment of flavonoids and glutathione in leaves. Chemical assays showed that radicle inhibition requires the combination of surfactin, produced by both strains, with bacillomycin D, an iturin-type lipopeptide unique to FZB42; neither molecule alone reproduced the effect. This synergy links the strain-specific lipopeptide repertoire to the dose-dependent growth response. Although their early trajectories diverged, both primings converged on improved above-ground performance. 3610-primed plants restricted Botrytis cinerea via caffeic- and rosmarinic-acid accumulation, whereas FZB42-primed plants curtailed jasmonate-sensitive Tetranychus urticae mites through early JA-pathway activation. Our results demonstrate that melon perceives inoculum dose and microbial identity, translating them into distinct metabolic and defense programs that converge on stress resilience. These mechanistic insights-linking lipopeptide fingerprints, sentinel metabolites and defense transcripts-provide a framework for precision seed treatments in horticultural crops.

plant biology↗

bioRxiv2020

Secreted autotaxin through LPA suppresses chemotaxis and tumor infiltration of CD8+ T Cells

Autotaxin (ATX) is secreted by diverse cell types to produce lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) that regulates multiple biological functions via G protein-coupled receptors LPAR1-6. ATX/LPA promotes tumor cell migration and metastasis mainly via LPAR1; however, its actions in the tumor immune microenvironment remain unclear. Here, we show that ATX secreted by melanoma cells is chemorepulsive for tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and circulating CD8+ T cells ex vivo, with ATX functioning as an LPA-producing chaperone. Mechanistically, T-cell repulsion predominantly involves G12/13-coupled LPAR6. Upon anti-cancer vaccination of tumor-bearing mice, ATX does not affect the induction of systemic T-cell responses but suppresses tumor infiltration of cytotoxic CD8+ T cells and thereby impairs tumor regression. Moreover, single-cell data from patient samples are consistent with intra-tumor ATX acting as a T-cell repellent. These studies highlight an unexpected role for the pro-metastatic ATX-LPAR axis in suppressing CD8+ T-cell infiltration to impede anti-tumor immunity, suggesting new therapeutic opportunities.

cancer biology↗