Biosynthesis of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles via Crocus sativus and their Antifungal Efficacy against Verticillium Wilt Pathogen Verticillium dahliae
Plant diseases pose threat to global food security. The excessive use of synthetic agro-chemical engender pesticide resistance. The exploration of alternative sustainable diseases management practices are crucial to overcome the devastative plant diseases. In this study, a facile innocuous approach was adopted for biogenic synthesis of Fe2O3-CsNPs via Crocus sativus corm aqueous extract and was evaluated for their antifungal efficacy against the Verticillium wilt pathogen Verticillium dahliae. The physico-chemical characterization of biosynthesized nanoparticles were performed through UV-visible Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy, X-Ray Diffraction, and Scanning Electron Microscopy. The fungus mycelium growth was significantly inhibited in the media containing 3mg/mL Fe2O3-CsNPs. Degenerated, concentrated and shriveled hyphae were revealed in Scanning Electron Microscopy. The overall results demonstrated that the biogenic Fe2O3-CsNPs have the efficacy to control devastative phytopathogens.