Ahmed, S. A. | Search bioRxiv

bioRxiv2021

Antibiotic Susceptibility Profile of Campylobacter Spp from Poultry

Campylobacteriosis is found among the four important worldwide food borne pathogens. In intensive poultry rearing systems in Sudan the use of oral antibiotics is essential to preserve health. Accordingly, there is a high threat for the thermophilic Campylobacter spp inhabitant in the intestinal tract of food animals to develop resistance to commonly used antibiotics. Contamination of broiler meat with pathogenic strains of resistant Campylobacter could, therefore, result in a form of campylobacteriosis in humans that is difficult to treat. To the best of our knowledge, there are no data available relating antibiotic resistant against these bacteria in poultry in Sudan, hence the aim of this study was to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility profile of thermophilic Campylobacter spp. isolated from broiler in Khartoum by disk diffusion. Sensitivity of fourteen isolates against seven antibiotics namely Neomycin, Nitrofurantoin, Nalidixic acid, Gentamycin, Streptomycin, Tetracycline and Erythromycin were studied. The result showed that Nitrofurantoin was found as highly sensitive (64.3%). It was also observed that Erythromycin, Gentamycin, Streptomycin and Neomycin verified the following resistant against isolates recovered 92.9%, 71.4%, 71.4%, 64.3% respectively. Multidrug resistant against five, four, three and two antibiotics was also reported. It was concluded that poultry meat in Khartoum could complicate the antimicrobial therapy in human as multidrug resistant of campylobacter was detected.

microbiology↗

bioRxiv2021

Redox Nanomedicine Cures Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) by Mitochondrial Reconditioning

Targeting reactive oxygen species (ROS) while maintaining cellular redox signaling is crucial in the development of redox medicine for the therapeutic benefit as the origin of several prevailing diseases including chronic kidney disease (CKD) is linked to ROS imbalance and associated mitochondrial dysfunction. Here, we have shown that an indigenously developed nanomedicine comprising of Mn3O4 nanoparticles duly functionalized by biocompatible ligand citrate (C-Mn3O4 NPs) can maintain cellular redox balance in an animal model. We developed a cisplatin-induced CKD model in C57BL/6j mice where severe mitochondrial dysfunction resulting in oxidative distress lead to the pathogenesis. Four weeks of treatment with C-Mn3O4 NPs restored renal function, preserved normal kidney architecture, ameliorated overexpression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and arrested glomerulosclerosis and interstitial fibrosis in CKD mice. A detailed study involving human embryonic kidney (HEK 293) cells and isolated mitochondria from experimental animals revealed that the molecular mechanism behind the pharmacological action of the nanomedicine involves protection of structural and functional integrity of mitochondria from oxidative damage, the subsequent reduction in intracellular ROS, and maintenance of cellular redox homeostasis. To the best of our knowledge, such studies that efficiently treated a multifaceted disease like CKD using a biocompatible redox nanomedicine are sparse in the literature. Successful clinical translation of this nanomedicine may open a new avenue in redox-mediated therapeutics of several other diseases (e.g., diabetic nephropathy, neurodegeneration, and cardiovascular disease) where oxidative distress plays a central role in pathogenesis.

pharmacology and toxicology↗