Adeleke, M. A. | Search bioRxiv

bioRxiv2023

Investigating insecticide susceptibility status of adult mosquitoes against some class of insecticides in Osogbo metropolis, Osun State, Nigeria

The study evaluates the resistance and susceptibility of adult female Anopheles gambiae s. l., Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus mosquitoes sourced within Osogbo metropolis, Osun State, Nigeria to four groups of insecticides [Permethrin, Deltamethrin, Pirimiphos-methyl and DDT (Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethan)] and the distribution of their larval habitat within the metropolis. Mosquito larvae of the three genera were collected during the wet season and reared to adult stage in the laboratory. Emerged adult female mosquitoes were exposed to insecticide impregnated papers of the four insecticide groups for 60mins using WHO kits to determine the knock down rate (kdr). Thereafter, they were to holding tubes and left for 24hrs to assess their resistance and susceptibility according to the WHO protocol. Four types of larval habitats were identified (tires, ground pools, gutters and plastic containers). Anopheles gambiae s. l. showed the greatest resistance to Permethrin (49%) (p=0.04, p<0.05) while the highest susceptibility was recorded with Pirimiphos-methyl (69%) with the lowest against Permethrin (16%) (P=0.002; p<0.05). The greatest resistance of A. aegypti was against OC-Control (45%) (p=0.031; p<0.05). Permethrin had the highest susceptibility (60%) against A. aegypti while OC-control had the lowest (11%) (p= 0.005; p< 0.05). Culex quinquefasciatus had a lesser resistance to OC-control (38%) as compared with Aedes aegypti (45%). However, it was most least susceptible to Pirimiphos-methyl (52%) and DDT (17%) respectively (p=0.013; p<0.05). The susceptibility of A. gambiae s. l. and C. quinquefasciatus to Pirimiphos-methyl and A. aegypti to Permethrin is an indication of the possibility of success if employed for vector control of A. gambiae s. l., C. quinquefasciatus and A. aegypti respectively. This could be through their inclusion as active ingredients in insecticide treated nets (ITNs) and indoor residual spray (IRS) with a view to abating malaria and other life-threatening mosquito-borne diseases constituting global public health scourge.

zoology↗

bioRxiv2018

qRT-PCR/High Resolution Melting Analyses detected polymorphisms of HSP-70 gene in Zebu cattle

Concerns over environmental heat stress have increased in recent years with the realization of global warming effects on environment and subsequently on animal production. Heat stress indicators help to monitor adaptability and survivability of livestock to thermal assault; a consequent effect of global warming. Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are highly conserved and are classified into six groups. Heat shock protein (HSP) 70 gene is a member of molecular chaperone, known to be highly expressed under stressful environmental and physiological conditions. In this study, we used a one-step qReal-Time PCR, followed by high-resolution melting analyses (HRMA) for detection and identification of polymorphism of HSP-70 gene in four extant cattle breeds of (White Fulani, Sokoto Gudali, Red Bororo and Ambala). qRT-PCR/HRMA-based assay detected twelve (12) genetic variant groups of HSP-70 gene. Ambala breed of Nigerian Zebu cattle had the highest number (7) of genetic variants of HSP-70 gene followed by Red Bororo breed (6 genetic variants), Sokoto Gudali breed had 5 genetic variants while White Fulani breed had the least (4 genetic variants) number of genetic variants in the population of Nigerian Zebu cattle breeds examined. We therefore hypothesize that the detected variant groups can be interrogated for their possible effects on thermo-tolerance performance of zebu cattle bred under thermal assaults of tropical conditions.

genetics↗